高年级医学生人格特征及其对医患沟通能力的影响

Personality characteristics of senior medical students and its influence on doctor-patient communication ability

目的探讨高年级医学生人格特征与医患沟通能力的现状及其关系。方法采用大五人格量表(NEO-FFI)与医患沟通能力量表,从东北地区四所医学院校抽取了1116名高年级医学生进行问卷调查。结果高年级医学生大五人格各维度平均得分均处于典型高分与典型低分之间,典型高分比例分别为19.27%、37.37%、13.17%、23.30%、42.29%,典型低分比例分别为8.60%、2.42%、5.56%、1.16%、19.71%;医患沟通能力的性别(t=-5.24,P<0.01)与专业(t=7.81,P<0.01)均差异有统计学意义,其中,女生显著高于男生,中医学专业最高,临床医学专业最低;除神经质外,人格的其他四个维度与医患沟通能力各维度及总分均呈正相关(r=0.33~0.57,均P<0.01),并能正向预测后者(Beta=0.12~0.36,t=3.84~10.33,均P<0.01)。结论高年级医学生人格发展整体良好,在各维度上表现出一定的独特性;医患沟通能力具有一定的内部差异;人格是影响医患沟通能力的重要变量,可以根据医学生人格特点采取相应措施提升其医患沟通能力。

Objective To investigate the current station and relationship between personality traits and doctor-patient communication ability of senior medical students.Methods Using NEO Five-Factor Inventory(NEO-FFI)and Doctor-patient Communication Ability Scale,1116 senior medical students were selected from four medical colleges in Northeast China to conduct a questionnaire survey.Results The average score of each Big Five personality’s dimension was between typical low score and typical high score.The proportion of typical high score was 19.27%,37.37%,13.17%,23.30%and 42.29%,respectively,and the proportion of typical low score was 8.60%,2.42%,5.56%,1.16%and 19.71%,respectively.There were significant differences in gender(t=-5.24,P<0.01)and major(F=7.81,P<0.01)in doctor-patient communication ability.Among them,female students were higher than male ones,traditional Chinese medicine was the highest,and clinical medicine was the lowest.Four dimensions of personality were positively correlated with doctor-patient communication ability apart from neuroticism(r=0.33-0.57,P<0.01),and could positively predict the latter(Beta=0.12-0.36,t=3.84-10.33,P<0.01).Conclusion The overall personality development of senior medical students is good,showing certain uniqueness in each dimension,the doctor-patient communication ability has certain internal differences.Personality can affect the doctor-patient communication ability for an important variable significantly,and it is necessary to take corresponding measures according to personality traits so as to improve doctor-patient communication ability of medical students.