区域尺度生态保护红线分区研究:以我国西北地区为例

Ecological conservation redline zoning at the regional scale:A case study of northwest China

作为生态环境问题催生的新兴领域,生态保护红线分区不仅可以有效保护生态系统的结构和功能,而且有利于维护区域生态安全。本研究基于“自下而上”的定量合并与“自上而下”的空间系统划分相结合的思想,综合考虑我国西北地区生态系统的脆弱性、敏感性、生态功能重要性及生态风险,运用分区分级、多维聚类等方法,构建了“多尺度–多要素”的“生态脆弱性一级分区–生态系统状态二级分区”的综合分区体系,对我国西北地区进行了生态保护红线分区。结果表明:1)西北地区可分为6个一级分区,各分区面积分别占西北地区总面积的24.5%、45.3%、6.9%、15.8%、0.3%和7.2%。2)在一级分区约束下,根据由生态系统服务功能、生态敏感性和区域生态风险决定的生态系统状态,将西北地区进一步划分为50个生态保护红线二级分区。研究结果不仅可以为国土空间管理、规划和政策制定提供决策依据,而且可以为保障西北地区生态安全屏障作用的有效发挥、西北地区生态文明建设的推进提供理论参考。

Ecological conservation redline zoning is a new research field that has arisen due to ecological and environmental issues.Redline zoning can effectively protect the structure and function of the ecosystem and help maintain regional ecological security.The“from bottom to top”quantitative merging concept and the“from top to bottom”idea,along with spatial systems;the comprehensive consideration of ecological vulnerability,ecosystem service function,ecological sensitivity and regional ecological risk in northwest China;and the use of the multidimensional clustering method,were used to establish a“multi-scale,multi-factor”comprehensive ecological conservation redline zoning system.The system is based on two zoning levels:“ecological vulnerability–first level zoning,and ecosystem status–second level zoning”.In this study,ecological conservation redline zoning in ecologically fragile areas across northwest China was carried out using this system.The basic results of this research are as follows:1)According to ecological vulnerability,the northwest region can be divided into six first-level zones.The area of each district accounts for 24.5%,45.3%,6.9%,15.8%,0.3%,and 7.2%of the total area of northwest China,respectively;and 2)based on the constraints of the first-level zoning,northwest China can be further divided into 50 second-level zones according to their ecosystem status as determined by ecosystem service function,ecological sensitivity,and regional ecological risk.These results not only provide a theoretical basis and reference for land space management,planning,and policy-making,but also maintain ecological security and promote the construction of an ecological civilization in northwest China.