基于免疫信息学的表位疫苗设计研究进展

Research progress of epitope vaccine design based on immunoinformatics

表位疫苗设计的一般流程是基于已知核苷酸或氨基酸序列,利用计算机辅助的免疫信息学分析等技术确定和筛选可能的优势表位,然后人工合成或借助基因工程技术制备含有优势表位的多肽疫苗.表位疫苗的合理设计是成功制备表位疫苗的关键,近年来的一系列研究使表位疫苗的设计思路和使用工具有了新的进展和突破.从抗原的选择和优化、B细胞抗原表位预测、T细胞抗原表位预测、多肽接头的选择和表位疫苗设计的评估等方面综述了基于免疫信息学的表位疫苗设计的最新研究进展,重点介绍了设计开发过程中所使用的常用计算机软件和工具.基于计算机辅助的免疫信息学分析可以节省表位疫苗开发所需的时间和成本,熟悉设计流程、熟练掌握相关计算机软件工具将为表位疫苗的有效研发带来有益帮助.

The general process of epitope vaccines design is based on nucleotide or amino acid sequences,using computer-aided immunoinformatics analysis and other techniques to determine and screen possible dominant epitopes,and then artificially synthesize or use genetic engineering techniques to prepare polypeptide vaccines containing dominant epitopes.The rational design of epitope vaccine is the key to successful preparation of epitope vaccines.A series of studies in recent years have made new progress and breakthroughs in the design ideas and computer tools.It is summarized that the latest research progress of epitope vaccines design based on immunoinformatics in terms of antigen selection and optimization,B-cell epitope prediction,T-cell epitope prediction,selection of peptide linkers,and evaluation of epitope vaccine design.It focuses on the commonly used computer softwares and tools used in the design.The computer-aided immunoinformatics analysis can save the time and cost required for epitope vaccines development.Beening familiar with the epitope vaccines design process and related computer software tools will bring useful help for the effective development of epitope vaccines.