农业分工理论演进及可能创新方向

Theoretical Evolution and Its Potential Innovation of Agricultural Division of Labor

斯密等早期经济学家认为受自然资源禀赋条件限制,农业分工存在着天然性障碍,却忽视了农业与工业的内在差异。农业分工带来的迂回程度和交易效率虽远低于工业领域,但也是农业增长的源泉。农业区域化、生产专业化而形成多企业参与的集群化,促使分工交易成本降低、交易效率提高、迂回生产程度增加、生产(服务)规模扩大。农户组织化是降低分工进程中产生的内生和外生交易费用、分散交易风险、分享分工带来的“红利”的主要方式。农户自身差异对参与分工意愿、机理以及实现路径有待更深入系统地研究。

Early economists such as Adam Smith believed that natural barriers exist in the division of labor in agriculture due to the restriction of natural resources,but they neglected inherent differences between agriculture and industry.Although circuitous degree of the agriculture division of labor and its transaction efficiency are far below those in industry,they are a source of agricultural growth.Agricultural regionalism and production specialization have reduced division of labor transaction cost,increased transaction efficiency and indirect production degree,and expanded production(and service)scale.Farmer household organization is a main way to reduce endogenous and exogenous transaction costs,disperse transaction risks and share the“dividend”brought by division of labor.Influence of differences among farmers on their willingness to participate in the division of labor,its mechanism and its realization path will be further studied systematically.