宏基因组测序技术在感染性疾病诊断中的应用

The use of metagenomic sequencing technology to diagnose infectious diseases

感染性疾病仍是危害人类健康和全球公共卫生安全的重要问题。感染性疾病病原体种类繁杂,传统的检测方法检出率低、且仅可针对有限的病原体种类,难以满足临床诊断的高要求。因此,急需快速、广谱、准确的鉴定方法,满足临床感染性疾病的诊断需求。近年来,宏基因组测序技术得到了快速发展,具有通量高、速度快、信息全等特点,逐渐应用于临床检测。本文对宏基因组测序技术在感染性疾病病原体检测中的应用进行综述。

Infectious diseases remain a major threat to human health and global public health.The pathogens causing infectious diseases are complex and diverse,and conventional methods of their detection have several shortcomings such as:culturing is quite time-consuming,and some pathogens cannot be cultured;some pathogens are too small or morphologically similar to be identified using microscopy;there are no suitable antigen-antibody detection kits for some infectious diseases;and PCR relies on specific sequences and cannot detect unknown pathogens.The low sensitivity and limited coverage of routine methods cannot meet the high demands of clinical diagnosis today.There is an urgent need for rapid,broadly applicable,and accurate methods of detection with which to diagnose infectious diseases.In recent years,metagenomic next-generation sequencing(mNGS)technology has developed rapidly.Advantages of mNGS are that it allows the identification of viruses,bacteria,fungi,and parasites with a high throughput,it is fast,it has broad coverage,and it has been gradually used to clinically detect pathogens.Reported here is a review of the literature on the latest advances in research on and the use of metagenomic sequencing technology to detect pathogens causing infectious diseases.