儿童期家庭关系对中老年抑郁的影响

The influence of childhood family relations on depression of middle-aged and elderly people

目的通过定量分析儿童期家庭关系对中老年抑郁的影响,为中老年人心理健康的促进策略提供全生命周期视角。方法基于“中国健康与养老追踪调查”(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,CHARLS)(2013、2014和2015)数据,运用单因素分析和二元Logistic回归分析模型分析。结果中老年人抑郁发生率为31.2%;单因素分析显示,中老年抑郁发生风险在不同年龄、性别、婚姻状况、受教育程度、父母受教育程度、出生地、儿童期家庭经济状况、健康状况、与不同性别抚养人的关系、父母间的关系差异具有统计学意义(均有P<0.05);回归分析模型分析结果显示,儿童期与抚养人关系差和父母间关系差是中老年抑郁发生的危险因素。儿童期与女性抚养人关系差是关系好的1.95倍,儿童期与男性抚养人关系差是关系好的1.58倍,儿童期父母间关系差是关系好的1.40倍。结论儿童期家庭关系对生命中后期的心理健康状况具有重要影响,儿童期不良的父母关系及代际关系,特别是母子关系是中老年期抑郁发生的危险因素;应以全生命周期为视角,理解和制定中老年健康促进策略。

Objective Through quantitative analysis of the influence of childhood family relationship on depression in middle-aged and elderly people,this paper aims to provide a life-cycle perspective for the promotion strategies of mental health in middle-aged and elderly people.Methods Based on the data of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS)(2013,2014,and 2015),Logistic regression model were used to evaluate the relationship between childhood family relationship and mental health in the middle and later stages of life.Results The incidence of depression in middle-aged and older people was 31.2%.Univarriate Logistic regression analysis showed that factors including age,gender,marital status,education level,parents’education level,birthplace,childhood family economic status,health status,relationship with parents of different genders,and the relationship between parents were risk factors for depression in middle-aged and older people(all P<0.05).The binary Logistic regression results showed that poor relationships with caregivers and poor relationships between parents in childhood were risk factors for depression in middle-aged and older people.Specifically,the risk of depression in middle-aged and older people who have a"poor relationship"with a male caregiver during childhood was 1.58 times that of a"good relationship,"and this risk increased to 1.95 times when they have a"poor relationship"with a female caregiver during childhood.In addition,the risk of depression in middle-aged and older people with"poor relationship"between parents in childhood was 1.40 times that of a"good relationship".Conclusion Family relationship in childhood plays a vital role in mental health in the middle and later life.In childhood,the bad inter-generations,especially the bad mother-child relationship,are the risk factors of depression for middle-aged and older people.We should understand and formulate health promotion strategies for middle-aged and older adults from the whole life cycle perspective.