截卵形弹体Taylor撞击的变形特点和冲击载荷特性

Impact Deformation Features and Load Characteristics of Truncated Ogival Nose Projectile under Taylor Impact

以弹体在Taylor撞击实验中产生的冲击载荷以及载荷的潜在应用为主要关注点,采用理论与实验相结合的方法,对截卵形弹的撞击变形特点和冲击载荷特性进行研究。基于经典的平头弹Taylor撞击理论建立截卵形弹体的Taylor撞击分析模型,并对动量冲量守恒方程进行修正,修正后的模型预测结果更接近实际。设计并开展具有相同外径、相同质量的截卵形弹、平头弹的Taylor-Hopkinson撞击实验,对比两种头型弹体在变形模式、撞击载荷等方面的差异,分析产生不同脉冲形状冲击载荷的原因,讨论弹体在撞击过程中经历的整体高g值过载。结果表明:头部形状显著改变了冲击载荷的波形、脉宽特征,撞击速度主要影响冲击载荷的峰值;通过弹体头部形状设计和撞击速度控制能够实现冲击环境特性的调控;研究结果支持了将Taylor撞击实验应用于高g值实验加载的设想。

The impact deformation characteristics and impact load characteristics of truncated ogival nose projectile are analyzed through theory and experiment.The impact load generated by projectile in Taylor impact test is analyzed.Based on the classical Taylor impact theory of blunt projectile,an impact analysis model of ogival nose projectile was established,and the conservation equation of momentum and impulse was modified.The predicting results of the modified model are closer to the actual results.A series of Taylor-Hopkinson impact tests on the cylindrical projectiles with truncated ogival and blunt nose shape were carried out,the impact-induced deformation characteristics of projectiles and variation characteristics of impact load were specifically analyzed for the two kinds of projectiles,and the overall high g-load that the projectiles were subjected to was further discussed.The results show that the nose shape significantly changes the waveform and pulse duration of impact load,and the impact velocity primarily affects the peak value of impact load.The impact characteristics can be regulated by the nose shape design of projectile and the control of impact speed.The results support the assumption that the Taylor impact test can be applied to high-g loading test.