多孔聚丙烯酸盐制备及对高氯酸铵热分解的催化

Preparation of Porous Polyacrylate and Its Catalysis on Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate

基于溶胶-凝胶法将金属粒子引入高分子链中,冷冻干燥后得到的多孔含金属高分子材料兼具流散性好、比表面积大以及孔隙结构丰富等特点,既可以解决纳米金属催化剂的团聚问题,又能够提供充足的催化活性位点。制备两种纳米级别聚丙烯酸铜(PAA-Cu)和聚丙烯酸铅(PAA-Pb)多孔含金属高分子材料,采用扫描电镜、透射电镜、红外光谱法、热重质谱联用、比表面及孔隙率分析等手段,对PAA-Cu和PAA-Pb进行详细表征;利用热重-红外-气相色谱-质谱四联用,分析PAA-Cu和PAA-Pb对高氯酸铵(AP)热分解的催化效果。结果表明:PAA-Cu使AP的高温分解峰提前了143.1℃,PAA-Pb使AP的高温分解峰提前了73.7℃;碳化后PAA-Cu孔隙率和比表面积增大,Cu及其氧化物在碳骨架结构原位生成且分散均匀,二者共同增加了催化活性物质与AP的接触面积,有助于AP热分解的催化。

The metal particles are introduced into the polymer chain by the sol-gel method.The porous metal-containing polymer material,which is obtained by freeze-drying,has the features of fluxion,large specific surface area and porosity.These features not only restrain the agglomeration of nano-metal catalyzer,but also provide sufficient catalytic active sites.Two kinds of porous metal-containing polymers(PAA-Cu and PAA-Pb)were prepared.Scanning electron microscope,transmission electron microscopy,infrared spectroscopy,and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method are used to characterize PAA-Cu and PAA-Pb.TG-IR-GC-MS combination is used to analyze the catalysis of PAA-Cu and PAA-Pb on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate(AP).The results indicate that the decomposition peak temperature of AP is decreased to 143.1℃under the catalysis of PAA-Cu and 73.7℃under the catalysis of PAA-Pb.Porous PAA-Cu which is of better catalysis compared with PAA-Pb was calcined in this paper.Cu and Cu2O are produced by in-situ decomposition,while the increasing porosity promotes the exposure of catalytic active substances.The new features obtained by calcination make for the catalysis on thermal decomposition of AP.