人用病毒性减毒活疫苗的溶瘤作用

Oncolytic effect of live attenuated human virus vaccine

溶瘤病毒治疗是一种利用天然或基因修饰病毒,选择性杀伤恶性肿瘤细胞,或激活人体适应性免疫应答的新型肿瘤免疫疗法。目前,多个具有增强肿瘤靶向性、抗肿瘤疗效和安全性的基因修饰溶瘤病毒已进入临床试验阶段或批准上市。采用活病毒既要具有良好的肿瘤杀伤作用,又要保证对人体的安全性,给溶瘤病毒疗法带来了极大的挑战。人用减毒活疫苗是一类采用减毒活病毒制成的传染病防控生物制品,已在上百万人群经数十年应用,安全性有保证。此外,部分减毒活疫苗也具有良好的溶瘤作用,经基因修饰,或与其他免疫治疗联合应用可显著提高抗肿瘤疗效。因此,本文就人用病毒性减毒活疫苗在抗肿瘤治疗中的研究进展进行综述。

Oncolytic virus therapy is a novel immunotherapy that uses natural or genetically modified viruses to selectively kill malignant tumors and activate the specific immune response of the human body.Several gene modified oncolytic viruses with enhanced tumor targeting,anti-tumor efficacy and safety have entered clinical trials or have been approved.However,ensuring the killing effect on the tumor or the safety of human body brings great challenges to the oncolytic virus therapy.Live attenuated human vaccine is a kind of biological products for the prevention and control of infectious diseases made from live attenuated virus.It has been used in millions of people for decades and its safety has been fully proved.More recently,a growing number of studies have shown that live attenuated human vaccines also demonstrate oncolytic effects,and gene modification or combined with other immunotherapies can significantly improve the anti-tumor efficacy.In this review,we summarize the research progress of human attenuated viral vaccine strains in anti-tumor therapy.