高水平游泳运动员多年训练的年龄特征研究

Age Characteristics of the Multi-year Training Process of the Elite Swimmers

通过收集高水平游泳运动员多年训练的年龄信息,分析多年训练不同阶段的年龄特征及主要阶段的时间特征规律,为我国培养高水平游泳竞技人才提供理论依据。主要采用单因素方差分析法、多因素方差分析法和有序Logistic回归法,对2008年-2019年在世界大赛上获得单项前3名的710名游泳运动员的相关年龄进行数理统计。结论表明:1)高水平游泳运动员多年训练不同阶段年龄特征在不同性别、距离及泳姿存在差异,主要体现在女子运动员成才早,短距离、自由泳项目运动员出成绩较晚。2)影响高水平游泳运动员多年训练主要阶段用时的因素包括性别、距离和泳姿,三者存在交互作用。3)高水平游泳运动员当届赛事名次与运动员首次世界大赛优异成绩年龄存在负相关,与运动员最佳竞技年龄存在正相关。

Analyzing the elite athletes age characteristics and the time characteristics of main stages in the multi-year training by collecting the age information of elite athletes,to provide a theoretical basis for training elite athletes.The relevant age information of 710 swimmers who won the top 3 individual events in the world competitions from 2008 to 2019 was analyzed by the methods of the single-factor analysis of variance,multi-factor analysis of variance,and ordered logistic regression.The conclusions show that:1)The age characteristics of elite athletes at different stages of training for many years were different in different genders,distances and strokes.Like as,female athletes succeed in the early year,athletes with short-distance or freestyle stroke succeed late.2)The factors affected the main training time of elite athletes in the multi-year training were gender,distance and stroke,and there was an interaction among there.3)The age of athletes’excellent results of the first world competition was negatively related to the ranking of the current event,the best competitive age was positively related to the ranking of the current event.