青枣气候品质等级评价模型构建及应用

Construction and Application of Climate Quality Evaluation Model for Indian Jujube

基于2015—2016年福建、广东青枣主产区田间试验的62个鲜果样本主要品质要素,采用相关分析、加权指数求和法,结合文献查阅、专家调研以及常规农业气象条件定量化等级评价标准,筛选影响青枣品质的关键气候因子,构建青枣气候品质等级评价模型,并利用2014—2019年青枣产区36个独立样本进行验证,分析福建主产区青枣气候品质时空分布规律。结果表明:影响青枣品质的3个关键气候因子分别为采收前90 d平均气温、采收前30 d气温日较差和采收前30 d日照时数,模型准确率达86.1%,青枣气候品质等级评价模型可客观反映气候条件对青枣品质影响。由模型分析可知:福建青枣气候品质前中期采摘的果实优于后期,通过青枣产期调节可提升全产期优质青枣比例;基于模型绘制的福建青枣主要采摘期气候品质空间分布图显示福建青枣产区南部优于中北部,增加南部种植面积、减少北部种植面积的布局调整有利于提升全区域优质青枣比例。

In order to adapt and fully utilize climate resources,improve the quality of Indian jujube,and increase the income and economic benefits of fruit farmers,62 samples of fresh fruit weight,soluble sugar,soluble solids,vitamin C,hardness and other main quality factors are obtained from the field experiments in main production areas of Indian jujube in Fujian and Guangdong from 2015 to 2016.Combining literature review,expert investigation and quantitative grade evaluation standard of conventional agrometeorological conditions,the key climatic factors affecting the quality of Indian jujube are selected,and the grade evaluation model of climatic quality of Indian jujube is established.The temporal and spatial distribution of climate quality of Indian jujube in Fujian is analyzed based on 36 independent samples of main quality and meteorological data in major Indian jujube producing areas of Fujian and Guangdong,Guangxi from 2014 to 2019.The results show that three key climatic factors affecting the quality of Indian jujube are the 90-day average temperature 90 days before harvest,daily temperature range and sunshine hours 30 days before harvest.The accuracy of this evaluation model is 86.3%.The evaluation model can objectively reflect the influence of climate conditions on the quality of Indian jujube.Based on the model analysis,the results show that the climate quality of Indian jujube in Fujian picked in the early and middle stages is better than those picked in the later stages,and the proportion of high-quality jujube in the whole production period can be improved by adjusting the production period.Based on the spatial distribution map of climate quality of Indian jujube in the main picking period obtained from Fujian by the model,the climate quality of Indian jujube in southern region is better than that in central and northern regions.Therefore,the proportion of high-quality Indian jujube in the whole region can be improved by increasing the planting area in the south and reducing the planting area in the north.The results have been applied in the evaluation of climate quality grade of Indian jujube in Fujian for three years.