金标法与酶联免疫法测定HIV抗体的临床意义研究

Clinical significance of gold standard method and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in detection of HIV antibody

目的探究金标法与酶联免疫法测定人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)抗体的效果对比。方法选取2018年1-12月于该院输血的450例患者作为研究对象,在给予患者输血治疗的同时,按照检测手段的不同将所有患者分为对照组与观察组,各225例,其中对照组采取金标法,观察组采取酶联免疫法,比较两组患者的血液HIV抗体检测结果。结果对照组初次筛查有25例患者检测结果为阳性,其阳性率为11.1%、确认后有12例患者的检测结果为阳性,其阳性率为5.3%、假阳性患者的数量为13例,假阳性率为5.8%;观察组筛查有28例患者检测结果为阳性,其阳性率为12.4%、确认后有22例患者的检测结果为阳性,其阳性率为9.7%、假阳性患者的数量为6例,假阳性率为2.7%。观察组检测结果的假阳性率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论金标法与酶联免疫法两种检测手段各有所长,都能够快速的检测出HIV抗体,但是金标法仅适用于急症受血患者的初次筛查,不适宜大批量标本的检测,而酶联免疫法在快速检测出HIV抗体的同时,也充分适用于大批量标本的检测。

Objective To study the effect of gold standard method and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)on the determination of HIV antibody.Methods Four hundred and fifty patients with blood transfusion in Shanghai Hospital of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine from January to December 2018 were selected as the research objects.While giving blood transfusion treatment,all patients were divided into the control group and the observation group according to different detection methods,with 225 cases in each group.The control group was treated with gold standard method,and the observation group was treated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results In the control group,25 patients were positive in the first screening,and the positive rate was 11.1%.After confirmation,12 patients were positive,and the positive rate was 5.3%.The number of false-positive patients was 13,and the false-positive rate was 5.8%;In the observation group,28 patients were screened positive,with a positive rate of 12.4%.After confirmation,22 patients were tested positive,with a positive rate of 9.7%.The number of false-positive patients was 6,with a false-positive rate of 2.7%.The false positive rate of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Gold standard method and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay have their own advantages,both of them can quickly detect HIV antibody,but gold standard method is only suitable for the first screening of patients with emergency blood,not suitable for the detection of large quantities of samples,while enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay can quickly detect HIV antibody,it is also fully suitable for the detection of large quantities of samples.