基于典型案例的流域规划环评管理成效评估

A performance evaluation based on typical cases of environmental impact assessment of watershed development plans

为提高流域规划环评的有效性,评估流域规划环评的管理成效并分析存在的问题和短板,在总结我国流域规划环评发展状况的基础上,收集并分析了2014~2019年经国家环保部门审查的25个涉及长江、黄河、珠江三大流域的典型案例,从改善环境质量、保障生态安全、维系生态功能和促进绿色发展等4个方面,选取16项评价指标分级打分,并通过MATLAB软件建立BP神经网络,提取各指标贡献度,分析流域规划环评成效和不足.结果显示,受评案例共优化水资源配置保障环境用水逾20亿m^(3),减少向主要河流排放污染物约20万t;降低流域开发规模调整规划水利工程方案223个,保留了411km天然河段;为保护野生动植物及其生境建议取消水电开发项目122个,避让了43个环境敏感区,但在推动绿色转型发展方面仍相对不足.建议围绕提高环评质量,加强环评成果落实,推动流域生态保护和高质量发展等方面,进一步完善流域规划环评管理.

To further improve effectiveness of the EIA of WDPs,it is imperative to develop an evaluation of performance of this means to reveal potential shortfalls or problems.Based on an overview of nation-wide practice of the EIA of WDPs,25 cases involving the three major river basins of the Yangtze River,the Yellow River and the Pearl River were selected from the EIAs reviewed by the state-level environmental authority from 2014 to 2019.The performance and shortfalls were studied by 16 indicators stemmed from four aspects of environmental quality compliance,ecological security safeguarding,ecological service maintenance and green development progress.The results acquired by ranking evaluation and the BP neural network built-up through MATLAB showed that,a total of more than 2 billion m^(3) of water resource for eco-environmental uses had been secured by optimizing water distribution,about 20 thousand tons of major water pollutants had been reduced,and 223 water conservancy projects had been adjusted by downscaling so that 411 km natural segments of rivers were reserved.Moreover,in order to preserve the wild fauna and flora species and their habitats,122 hydropower development projects were rejected,and 43 environmentally sensitive sites were bypassed.Although the EIA of WDPs had accomplished obvious effectiveness in preserving watershed ecosystem,it played a relatively weak role in promoting watershed green development.It was raised to further improve management of the EIAs of WDP by enhancing EIA technical quality and output implementation,and the role of promoting watershed ecological conservation and high-quality development.