牧户超载过牧行为的研究——基于可持续生计的视角

Study on the Herders’Overgrazing Behavior——Based on the Perspective of Sustainable Livelihoods

基于可持续生计分析的角度,构建了生计资本影响牧民超载过牧的理论框架,利用西藏牧区199户牧户的实地调研数据,运用熵权法计算了牧民的生计资本情况,并用Logistic模型分析了生计资本对牧民超载过牧行为的影响。结果表明:(1)样本区牧户中发生超载过牧行为的比重为41.06%,超载问题较为严峻。(2)牧民的生计资本存量较高的是金融资本和物质资本,其次是人力资本,最后是社会资本和自然资本。(3)生计资本中,金融资本存量高但对超载行为无显著影响;物质资本中,固定资产的价值对超载行为有显著促进作用;人力资本中的家庭劳动力数量和户主健康程度对超载有显著促进作用;社会资本中的制度信任和组织规范对牧民的超载过牧行为有显著的抑制作用;自然资本中,草场面积越小的牧户越容易发生超载。(4)草原生态补奖政策对牧民的超载行为具有显著的抑制作用,牧民对于减畜的认知显著抑制超载过牧的行为。

Based on the perspective of sustainable livelihood analysis,we constructed a theoretical framework of livelihood capital’s impact on herders’overgrazing behavior.Based on the field survey data of 199 herders in Tibet’s pastoral areas,we further calculated herders’livelihood capital by using entropy weight method,and analyzed the impact of livelihood capital on herders’overgrazing behavior by using Logistic model.The results showed that:(1)The proportion of herders with overgrazing behaviors in the sample area was 41.06%,and the overgrazing phenomenon is more serious.(2)In the herders’livelihood capital stock,financial capital and physical capital were higher,followed by human capital,and finally social capital and natural capital.(3)The financial capital stock was high,but it had no significant effect on the herders’overgrazing behavior,In the physical capital,the value of fixed assets had a significant role in promoting overgrazing,In the human capital,the number of household labor and the health of the head of the household had a significant role in promoting the overgrazing behavior,In social capital,institutional trust and organizational norms had a significant inhibitory effect on herders’overgrazing behavior,In natural capital,herders with smaller grassland area were more likely to overgrazing.(4)The grassland ecological compensation policy had a significant inhibitory effect on herders’overgrazing behavior,and the herders’cognition of livestock reduction significantly inhibited overgrazing behavior.