2019年贵州省某市少数民族地区农村中小学生营养状况与早餐行为的关联性

Relationship between nutritional status and breakfast behaviors of rural primary and middle school students in a minority area of a city in Guizhou Province in 2019

目的调查贵州省某市少数民族地区农村中小学生营养状况及影响因素。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,于2019年4—6月抽取贵州省某市6所中小学3952名学生进行身高和体重测量,男生1966人,女生1986人,年龄(10.81±2.88)岁,对其中4年级及以上的2833名学生进行问卷调查,男生1374人,女生1459人,年龄(13.44±1.94)岁。通过问卷调查了解学生基本信息、早餐饮食行为等情况,采用多因素Logistic回归法分析营养状况与早餐行为的关联性。结果各年龄段汉族男生和女生身高和体重略高于少数民族,但到16岁时会逐渐趋于重合。该地区学生总体身高、体重水平低于2014年全国平均水平。学生总体营养不足率为21.39%,其中生长迟缓率为13.13%,中重度消瘦率为3.04%,轻度消瘦率为5.22%;少数民族学生营养不足率(24.72%)高于汉族学生(18.73%)(χ^(2)=14.93,P<0.05),男生营养不足率(26.49%)高于女生(16.59%)(χ^(2)=41.29,P<0.05)。学生总体超重肥胖率为8.65%,其中超重率为6.42%,肥胖率为2.22%,不同性别、民族间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。早餐行为情况显示,该市中小学生早餐食用频率最高的是米面制品(71.66%)。多因素Logistics回归分析显示,早餐次数、早餐营养质量、每周早餐吃新鲜蔬菜、奶类及制品、肉/蛋/鱼类次数是营养不足的主要影响因素,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 2019年贵州省某市中小学生营养状况主要存在营养不足,超重肥胖率不高,但仍应注意防控。早餐次数、早餐质量等是营养不足的重要影响因素。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the nutritional status and influencing factors of rural primary and middle school students in a minority area in a certain city of Guizhou Province, so as to provide scientific evidence for prevention and intervention. METHODS A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted in this study, 3952 students from 6 primary and middle schools in a certain city of Guizhou Province were selected from April to June 2019 for height and weight measurement(1966 boys, 1986 girls, age(10.81±2.88) years old), among which 2833 students in grade 4 and above were surveyed(1374 boys and 1459 girls, age(13.44±1.94) years old), through the questionnaire to understand students’ basic information, breakfast and eating behaviors and so on, Using multi-factor Logistic regression to analyze the relationship between nutritional status and breakfast behavior. RESULTS The height and weight of Han male students and female students in all age groups were slightly higher than those of ethnic minorities, but they tended to overlap gradually by the age of 16. The general height and weight of students in this area were lower than the 2014 national average. The general malnutrition rate of students was 21.39%, and the growth retardation rate was 13.13%, the moderate-to-severe wasting rate 3.04% and the mild wasting rate 5.22%. The malnutrition rate of minority students(24.72%) was higher than that of Han students(18.73%)(χ^(2)=14.93, P<0.05), the malnutrition rate of boys(26.49%) was higher than that of girls(16.59%)(χ^(2)=41.29, P<0.05). The sum of the rate of overweight and obesity of the students was 8.65%, among which the overweight rate was 6.42% and the obesity rate was 2.22%. There was no statistically significant difference in the variables between overweight and obese students(P>0.05). The breakfast behavior situation showed that rice noodle products(71.66%) were the most frequently consumed by primary and middle school students in the city. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the frequency of breakfast, the quality of breakfast, fresh vegetables, milk and products, and the frequency of meat/egg/fish were the main influencing factors of malnutrition. The differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). CONCLUSION The growth and development status of primary and middle school students in a city of Guizhou Province mainly includes malnutrition, and the rate of overweight and obesity is not high, but prevention and control should still be paid attention to. The frequency and quality of breakfast are important influencing factors of malnutrition.