肿瘤微环境响应药物递送系统的设计

Rational Design of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Delivery Systems

化学药物治疗(化疗)是目前临床上治疗肿瘤最有效的方法之一,但传统的给药方式导致药物对肿瘤的靶向性差、药物利用率低。在杀伤肿瘤细胞的同时,化疗药物对人体正常细胞也有很大的损伤,因此在化疗过程中通常伴随着严重的副作用,例如恶心、呕吐以及脱发等。随着肿瘤学和纳米材料的迅速发展,多种纳米药物载体被应用于肿瘤的治疗。纳米药物载体具有提高药物利用率、降低药物的毒副作用等诸多优势,已成为药物递送领域的研究热点。其中,肿瘤微环境响应纳米药物载体在实现肿瘤部位药物的可控释放、载体保护壳的脱除以及肿瘤靶向等方面表现出优异的性能。本文讨论了基于肿瘤微环境的异常生化指标构建肿瘤微环境响应载体的常用策略,并总结了近年来肿瘤微环境响应纳米药物载体用于肿瘤治疗的研究进展,旨在为设计与制备高性能纳米药物载体提供参考。

Chemotherapy is one of the most effective methods for cancer therapy in clinical practice,but the administration of chemotherapeutic drugs results in poor targeting of drugs to tumors and low utilization rates of drugs.While killing tumor cells,chemotherapeutic drugs also cause great damage to normal human cells,so chemotherapy is usually accompanied by serious side effects,such as nausea,vomiting,and hair loss.With the rapid development of oncology and nanomaterials,many nano-drug vectors have been used in the treatment of tumors.Nanometer drug vectors can improve the utilization rate of drugs and reduce side effects,which has become a research hotspot in the field of drug delivery.The tumor microenvironment responsive drug delivery systems have shown excellent performance in the controlled drug release,removal of the protective shell,and tumor targeting.In this paper,we discuss the common strategies for constructing tumor microenvironment responsive drug delivery systems based on abnormal biochemical indicators of tumor microenvironment or in tumor cells.The recent advances of tumor microenvironment responsive drug delivery systems are summarized.Finally,we outline the challenges and perspectives about the improvement of tumor microenvironment responsive drug delivery systems,aiming to provide a reference for the design and preparation of high-performance drug delivery systems.