不同施钾量对设施栽培番茄生长及钙、镁养分吸收的影响

Effects of different potassium application amounts on the growth and uptake of calcium and magnesium in tomato under facility condition

在日光温室条件下以番茄为供试作物,以不施钾肥为对照(CK),设置5个钾肥施用量T1(150 kg/hm^(2))、T2(300 kg/hm^(2))、T3(450 kg/hm^(2))、T4(600 kg/hm^(2))、T5(750 kg/hm^(2)),研究钾肥用量对番茄生长及钙、镁养分吸收特性的影响,此研究将为设施条件下蔬菜平衡施肥提供理论依据与技术支撑。结果表明:1)随着施钾量的增加,番茄健康根尖数量显著增加,根系总面积、不同级别分枝数有增加趋势;2)施用钾肥后番茄在苗期株高较CK增加15.8%,根、茎、叶生物量显著增加,其中T5处理根、茎、叶生物量分别较CK增加56.8%、27.1%和33.2%;3)随着施钾量的增加产量逐渐增加,T5较CK提高了15.11%;4)随着施钾量的增加,根、茎、叶各器官中钾、镁浓度显著增加,但果实中钾、镁浓度显著降低;随着施钾量的增加,根、茎、叶、果实各器官中钙浓度均显著降低。由此可见,施钾能够显著提高番茄生物量及产量,能够增加番茄营养器官对钾、镁的吸收,但施钾显著抑制了番茄对钙的吸收及钾、钙、镁向果实的转运。

The effect of potassium(K)fertilizer on tomato growth and calcium(Ca)and magnesium(Mg)uptake was studied to provide theoretical and technical basis for balanced fertilization of vegetables under the facility condition.A pot cultivate experiment was conducted with the treatments of one control(CK)and five K fertilizer levels(150,300,450,600 and 750 kg/hm^(2),which were represented by T1,T2,T3,T4 and T5,respectively)using tomato as testing crop.The result showed that:1)With the increase of K application,the number of healthy root tips increased significantly,the root total area and the number of branches had an increasing tendency.2)Comparing with CK,the plant height increased by 15.8%and the biomass of root,stem and leaf increased significantly after applying potassium fertilizer,which increased by 56.8%,27.1%and 33.2%,respectively,for the T5 treatment.3)With the increase of K application,the yield was increased,which was increased by 15.11%in T5 compared with CK.4)With the increase of K application,the concentration of K and Mg in roots,stems and leaves increased significantly,but the concentration of K and Mg in fruits decreased significantly.With the increase of K application,the concentration of Ca in roots and stems and leaves and fruits decreased significantly.In conclusion,applying K fertilizer improved the biomass and yield of tomato significantly,and increased the K and Mg uptake in different organs of tomato,but it would inhibit Ca uptake,and the transport of K and Ca and Mg were inhibited by K fertilizer.