适用热区芒果园的木霉生物有机肥研制及其应用

Development and application of specific bio-organic fertilizer containing Trichoderma strain for mango orchard in tropic areas

研究从热区土壤中筛选得到的促生木霉菌株及其研制的生物有机肥对芒果产量及品质的影响。通过稀释涂布法筛选出木霉菌株,观测不同温度下生长情况进行初筛,室内盆栽试验复筛得到具有促生效果的木霉菌株;田间条件下,研究施用木霉生物有机肥对芒果产量及品质的影响;最后,结合菌株ITS及tef1序列分析鉴定其分类信息。结果表明:从海南芒果园土壤中筛选出的适温范围较宽的木霉菌株中,菌株MD30在35℃及40℃下生长速度最快。室内条件下菌株MD30试制的生物有机肥对黄瓜苗期的促生作用优于其他木霉菌株,其地上部鲜重和干重较不施肥对照(CK)于第1季分别增加了29%及64%,于第2季分别增加了116%和53%。室内促生效应最为显著的木霉菌株MD30的ITS和tef1序列分析表明该菌株为长枝木霉菌(Trichoderma longibrachiatum)。田间条件下,施用MD30木霉生物有机肥(MD30)当季产量显著高于不施肥对照(CK)、化肥处理(CF)、有机肥处理(OF)和NJAU4742木霉生物有机肥(4742),分别增产13%、7%、6%和3%;同时MD30处理相对于其他处理显著提高了芒果单果重、商品大果重、可溶性固形物和还原糖的含量,其中还原糖含量比4742处理分别增加了25%、22%、7%和6%。因此,长枝木霉MD30研制的生物有机肥提高了芒果果实的产量和品质,对热区植物的生长具有显著的促生效应。

This study aimed at isolating plant growth promotion strains of Trichoderma strains from the tropical soil,and evaluating the effect of developed bio-organic fertilizer based on these isolated strain on yield and quality of mango.Trichoderma strains were preliminarily screened according to the growth ability at different temperature sets using series-dilution plate counting method.Then bio-organic fertilizer was developed using the strains to re-screen plant growth promotion effect on cucumber as model crop in greenhouse.The effect of bio-organic fertilizer containing the Trichoderma strain with best plant growth promotion ability in greenhouse on mango yield and quality was evaluated under field condition.Finally,the taxonomic classification of tested strain showing best plant growth promotion effect was then identified by ITS and tef1 sequence analysis.The results showed that among candidate strains of Trichoderma spp.isolated from the soil from mango orchard in Hainan,the strain MD30 showed the best growth ability at 35℃and 40℃,respectively.The results of pot experiments showed that the bio-organic fertilizer made from strain MD30 was superior to other Trichoderma strains in promoting cucumber seedling growth.The fresh and dry weight of shoot increased by 29%and 64%in the first season,and by 116%and 53%in the second season,compared to CK.Combined with ITS and tef1 sequence analysis,MD30 strain was identified as Trichoderma longibrachiatum.The results of field experiment displayed that the yield of treatment(MD30)applied with bio-organic fertilizer developing from MD30 was significantly higher than that in CK,CF,OF and treatment(4742)applied with bio-organic fertilizer developing from NJAU4742 bio-organic fertilizer,which increased by 13%,7%,6%and 3%respectively.Moreover,MD30 treatment significantly increased the weight of single fruit,the fruit number per plant,and the contents of soluble solids,reducing sugar of mango compared with other treatments,and increased by 25%,22%,7%and 6%,respectively,compared with 4742 treatment.Therefore,the isolated Trichoderma strain MD30 could promote the yield and quality of mango in the field effectively and has a significant promoting effect on the growth of plants.