专用肥配合种植光叶苕子提高柑橘品质和养分效率

Special formula fertilizer combined with planting smooth vetch improved fruit quality,and nutrient efficiency of citrus

研究分析柑橘专用肥减量施用及其配种光叶苕子对柑橘果实产量、品质、养分利用的影响,为柑橘化肥减施、提质增效提供技术和依据。在湖北宜昌秭归、夷陵分别选取伦晚脐橙和温州蜜柑果园,采用田间试验,设置当地习惯施肥(CK)、与习惯施肥氮磷钾养分等量的柑橘专用肥(DL)、按习惯施肥氮磷钾总量减少25%的柑橘专用肥(JL)及其配种光叶苕子(JLL)4个处理,每处理重复4次,每重复选择生长一致的3~4棵树,采用常规方法测定土壤、柑橘叶片养分含量、果实产量和品质。试验结果表明:1)与习惯施肥相比,养分等量和减量25%的专用肥没有使伦晚脐橙、温州蜜柑果实产量下降;减量25%专用肥+配种光叶苕子使伦晚脐橙、温州蜜柑产量有提高趋势。2)以每千克氮磷钾养分产出果实产量计肥料养分效率,施用等量、减量25%专用肥和专用肥减量25%+配种光叶苕子均有提高每千克氮磷钾果实产量即氮磷钾养分效率的趋势,尤其是减量25%专用肥+配种光叶苕子明显提高了温州蜜柑养分效率。3)施用养分等量、减量25%专用肥和减量25%专用肥+配种光叶苕子均增加了伦晚脐橙、温州蜜柑果实可溶性固形物、Vc含量和固酸比,降低了可滴定酸含量,果实品质明显改善。4)减量25%专用肥+配种光叶苕子,增加了伦晚脐橙柑橘春梢叶片氮、磷含量,降低了两个果园5月份土壤速效氮、磷含量和下半年20~40 cm土层速效氮、磷、钾含量。柑橘专用肥提高了柑橘养分效率和果实品质,施用减量25%专用肥+配种光叶苕子提高了柑橘果实产量品质、养分效率。

The effects of special formula fertilizer decrement application combined with planting smooth vetch on citrus fruit yield and quality,nutrient concentration and utilization were analyzed,aiming to decrease application of chemical fertilizer,and improve fruit quality and yield,nutrient efficiency for sustainable citrus production.Field experiments were conducted with 7-year-old Lane late navel orange orchard in Zigui and 28-year-old Satsuma orange orchard in Yiling,Yichang,Hubei,China.Four treatments,local conventional fertilizer(CK),citrus special formula fertilizer with the same total NPK amount as conventional(DL),citrus special formula fertilizer with 25%decrement of the conventional(JL),and citrus special formula fertilizer with 25%decrement and planting smooth vetch(JLL),were designed with four replicates per treatment and 3~4 consistent growing trees in each plot.The concentrations of N,P,K in plant and soil,fruit yield and quality were measured by conventional methods.The results showed that:1)Applying citrus special formula fertilizers as same or even 25%decrement of total NPK amount as local conventional fertilizers did not reduce fruit yield of Lane late navel orange and Satsuma mandarin orange;while citrus fruit yield was raised by combined 25%decrement application of citrus special formula fertilizer with planting smooth vetch.2)The N,P,K fertilizer efficiency was evaluated by citrus fruit yield(kg)per kilogram NPK nutrient amount,and it was raised by the citrus special formula fertilizer application with the same or even 25%decrement of total NPK amount as local conventional fertilization,especially by combined citrus special formula fertilizer application as 25%reduction total NPK as conventional with planting smooth vetch of Satsuma mandarin orange.3)The fruit quality indexes of Lane late navel orange and Satsuma orange were improved by citrus special formula fertilizer application with the same or even 25%decrement of total NPK amount as conventional fertilization,and particularly by combined citrus special formula fertilizer application as 25%decrement of the conventional with planting smooth vetch,such as the fruit soluble solids,Vitamin C content and solid-acid ratio,but the titratable acid content was declined.4)Planting smooth vetch with 25%reduction application of citrus special formula fertilizer raised the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of spring shoot leaves of Lane late navel orange,but decreased the topsoil available nitrogen and phosphorus contents in May and available nutrients concentrations of 20~40 cm soil for two tested orchards,with no significant effects on topsoil available N,P,K in later seasons.The fruit quality and fertilizer N,P,K efficiency were improved by citrus special formula fertilizer application,while combined planting smooth vetch with 25%decrement application of citrus special formula fertilizer improved fruit yield and quality,fertilizer efficiency of Lane late navel orange and Satsuma mandarin orange.