矿物质调理剂用量对酸性土壤养分状况和油菜生长的影响

Effects of amounts of mineral conditioner on the nutrient status in acid soil and the yield of oilseed rape

铁尾矿和副产品云母、白云石经煅烧制备的矿物质调理剂呈碱性,且富含植物生长所需的钾钙镁硅等有益元素,具有改良酸性土壤的潜在作用。为探究矿物质调理剂在酸性土壤地区的应用效果,通过一年两地田间小区试验,研究了推荐施肥配施不同用量矿物质调理剂对土壤pH和碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾等有效养分含量及油菜生长和产量的影响。田间试验设有5个处理,分别为空白对照(T1)、当地推荐施肥(T2)、当地推荐施肥配施750 kg/hm^(2)调理剂(T3)、当地推荐施肥配施1500 kg/hm^(2)调理剂(T4)和当地推荐施肥配施2250 kg/hm^(2)调理剂(T5)。两地试验结果均表明:(1)与推荐施肥相比,配施矿物质调理剂油菜各生育期土壤pH、有效磷和速效钾含量显著增加(P<0.05),且随着施用量的增加呈增加趋势;而土壤碱解氮含量变化无显著差异。(2)与推荐施肥相比,配施矿物质调理剂能促进油菜生长,有利于产量构成要素一级分枝数、单株角果数和千粒重的形成,进而提高籽粒产量,且当施用量为1500 kg/hm^(2)时籽粒产量显著增加(P<0.05)。(3)综合考虑改善土壤和作物产量及成本,当矿物质调理剂施用量为1500 kg/hm^(2)时,较750 kg/hm^(2)施用量效果好,较2250 kg/hm^(2)施用量效果也较好且更经济,可作为最佳推荐施用量。由此可见,铁尾矿及副产品云母、白云石制备的矿物质调理剂在酸性土壤地区施用,可以改善土壤酸化状况、补充土壤有效养分、实现作物增产。

A potential acidic soil conditioner,which produced by calcination of iron mine tailings and by-product mica and dolomite,was alkaline and contains a considerable amount of beneficial elements required by plant growth such as potassium,calcium,magnesium and silicon.To investigate the application effects of the mineral conditioner in acidic soil area,an one-year field plot experiment was conducted in two locations.The soil pH,alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and the growth and yield of oilseed rape were analyzed after application of different amounts of the mineral conditioner.Five treatments were evaluated:no fertilization and no conditioner(T1),recommended fertilization(T2),and recommended fertilization with application of 750,1500 and 2250 kg/hm^(2) conditioner respectively for T3,T4 and T5.Both experiments showed that:(1)in the treatments of the mineral conditioner application,the soil pH and the concentrations of available phosphorus and potassium in soil at different growth stages of oilseed rape were significantly increased compared with the treatment of recommended fertilization(P<0.05).And the differences had a tendency of increase with the increased amount of the mineral conditioner.While the concentrations of alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen in soil had no obvious changes after the application of the mineral conditioner.(2)The mineral conditioner application promoted the growth and increased the yield of oilseed rape compared with the treatment of recommended fertilization,especially the yield components such as the number of first-order branches,number of siliques per plant and thousand grain weight.And the yield of oilseed rape increased significantly when the dosage of the mineral conditioner was 1500 kg/hm^(2)(P<0.05).(3)Considering the benefits of the mineral conditioner application on soil nutrition,crop yields and its cost,the application dosage of 1500 kg/hm^(2) showed more effective and more economical than the other two application dosages of 750 and 2250 kg/hm^(2),respectively.It can be seen that the calcination product of the iron mine tailings and by-product mica and dolomite,can be utilized as an efficient conditioner to improve soil acidification,supplement soil available nutrients and increase crop yield in acidic soil area.