太行山前平原农田基础地力对夏玉米产量的影响及培肥目标

Effect of inherent soil fertility on summer maize yield and the goal of improving basic soil fertility in the Taihang Mountain pediment plain

太行山前平原是河北省重要的夏玉米产区,对2005~2013年在河北省开展的测土配方施肥项目的“3414”试验数据以及山区平原农田基础地力对玉米产量、基础地力贡献率和产量反应进行了分析,并利用边界线分析方法对土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾对基础产量的响应进行了评价,确定了太行山前平原农田土壤培肥目标。研究结果发现,太行山前平原夏玉米基础地力产量分布在3222~9672 kg/hm^(2)之间,平均值为6210 kg/hm^(2),基础地力对玉米产量的贡献率分布范围在32.2%~99.7%之间,平均值为71.7%,在太行山前平原夏玉米基础地力产量范围内,基础地力产量与施肥产量和基础地力贡献率呈显著线性正相关关系,基础地力产量每增加1000 kg/hm^(2),配方施肥产量则增加585 kg/hm^(2),基础地力贡献率也提高6.5%。氮磷钾肥的施肥产量反应分别为1614、909和802 kg/hm^(2),边界线分析方法确定山区平原土壤培肥目标下限是土壤有机质14.3 g/kg,土壤全氮1.20 g/kg,有效磷20.2 mg/kg,速效钾121.9 mg/kg,提高土壤有效磷和速效钾含量对缩减由土壤肥力差异引起的产量差最为明显,是河北省太行山前平原的重点培肥方向。

The Taihang Mountain Pediment Plain is one of the most important planting areas of summer maize in Hebei province.The 3414 experiments data which were conducted in this area in 2005~2013 was analyzed systematically to clarify the inherent soil fertility on summer maize yield,basic soil productivity contribution rate and yield response,and a boundary line analysis was used to evaluate the correlations between soil basic yield with soil organic matter,total N,soil available P and available K,respectively.The results showed the soil basic yield of summer maize in the Taihang Mountain pediment plain ranged from 3222~9672 kg/hm^(2),with an average of 6210 kg/hm^(2),and the soil’s basic yield contribution rate ranged from 32.2%to 99.7%,the average value was 71.7%.Within the range of summer maize basic fertility yield in the piedmont plain of Taihang Mountian,there were significant linear positive correlations between soil basic yield with fertilization yield and soil basic fertility contribution rate,respectively.For every 1000 kg/hm^(2)increase in basic fertility yield,the fertilization yield of maize increased by 585 kg/hm^(2),and the soil’s basic fertility contribution rate increased by 6.5%.The yield response for N,P,and K fertilizer was 1614,909,and 802 kg/hm^(2),respectively.The boundary analysis showed the critical levels for soil fertility characters in this area were the soil OM 14.3 g/kg,soil total N 1.20 g/kg,soil available P 20.2 mg/kg,and available K 121.9 mg/kg,respectively.The soil available phosphorus and available potassium had a higher contribution rate to the basic soil fertility yield gaps than soil OM and total N,which indicate increasing the content of available phosphorus and available potassium is the key direction of soil fertility enrichment in this area.