二胎出生前后父母婚姻关系质量变化对头胎儿童的影响

The Influence of Changes in Parents’ Marital Quality Before and After the Birth of Second Child on the First-Born Child

二胎的出生是引起家庭结构变化的重要事件,头胎儿童在经历这一事件的过程中往往容易出现一些心理与行为上的变化甚至问题,其中父母婚姻关系质量在二胎出生前后的变化是重要的影响因素。基于家庭系统理论的实证研究发现,受多方面因素的影响,作为家庭系统"基石"的父母婚姻关系质量在二胎出生前后会发生比头胎出生前后更为明显的下滑。这使父母不仅容易采取专制或放任等消极教养方式对待头胎儿童,而且会严重影响父母协同养育的质量。与此同时,父母婚姻关系质量的下滑还会产生"溢出效应",导致亲子关系变差,对头胎儿童的情绪安全感产生消极影响,由此引发或加重头胎儿童心理与行为方面的问题。除了改善教养方式与策略外,父母需要重点考虑如何在二胎出生前后维持或改善婚姻关系质量,并对头胎儿童心理与行为变化保持必要关注,让头胎儿童充分感受到来自父母的关爱。

In adjusting to the birth of their siblings,first-born children usually manifest psychological and behavioral problems. Based on Family System Theory,current empirical researches found that parents’ marital quality,the corner stone of family system,generally declines more across the birth of second child than that of first-born child,which may serve as one of the origins that elicit the changes in first-born child’s psychology and behavior. Before and after the birth of second child,changes in parents’ marital quality may have bad influence on parenting styles,parent-child relationships,and children’s emotional security. Besides in response to the potentially undesirable influence of the birth of second child on first-born child’s development,parents of two-child families should try to maintain and improve marital quality,and make first-born child feel the love of parents never decreases.