五四运动后皖系的势力扩张再探——以汉口建筑督办风潮为中心

Power Expansion of the Anhui Clique after the May 4th Movement: the Case of Hankou Construction Supervisor Agitation

五四运动后,各方势力利用学潮攻击皖系,致使后者遭遇严重的统治危机。为此,皖系发起一系列扩张势力的行动。在统治基础较深的北方,皖系加紧编练边防军、西北军,清理内阁中的异己势力,架空总统,实现军权与政权的同时扩张。在统治基础较薄弱的南方,安福系成为皖系扩张势力的重要工具,汉口建筑督办风潮即是一例。安福系联合湖北士绅反对张国淦赴任,希望攫取巨额借款充实活动经费,同时扩张在湖北的势力。但皖系的统治危机并未因此得以转圜,最终难逃下台的命运。

After the May 4 th Movement, the Anhui clique was under attack, and its rule faced a serious crisis. Therefore, it took actions to expand power. In North China, where it had strong political foundation, the Anhui clique trained border defense forces and the Northwest Army, purged dissident forces in the cabinet and took over the position of the President. In this way, its successfully expanded both military and political powers. In the south, where the ruling foundation was weak, the Anfu faction became an important instrument for the Anhui clique’s expansion. The agitation against the appointment of Hankou Construction Supervisor was an example. The Anfu faction united with gentry in Hubei to oppose Zhang Guogan, hoping to borrow huge amounts of money to fund the party and expand its influence in Hubei. However, none of these actions could make up for the military weakness of the Anhui clique, which had to step down in the end.