早产儿婴儿期发生贫血情况分析

Analysis of anemia in premature infants

目的探讨早产儿出生至矫正12个月内贫血发生情况。方法选取2016年1月至2018年8月出生且生后在天津市滨海新区妇女儿童保健中心规律随访的415例早产儿,在各个监测月龄进行血红蛋白检查。根据不同胎龄将入组早产儿分为<32周;32~33+6周和≥34周三组,其中<32周和32~33+6周称为早期早产儿(EPI),≥34周称为晚期早产儿(LPI)。根据不同出生体质量分别<1500 g,1500~2499 g和≥2500 g三组,即极低出生体质量(VLBW),低出生体质量(LBW)和正常出生体质量(NBW)。根据营养风险分为低危(LR),中危(MR)和高危(HR)。根据不同性别分为男童组和女童组。分析不同出生体质量、孕周、性别早产儿贫血状况及中高危组和低危组早产儿贫血状况。结果VLBW组在矫正月龄3个月时贫血发生率为20.0%,高于LBW组(P=0.012),在其他月龄两组比较差异未见统计学意义(P>0.05)。EPI组在矫正月龄3个月时贫血发生率为13.5%,高于LPI组(P=0.010),在其他矫正月龄两组比较差异未见统计学意义(P>0.05)。男童组在矫正月龄6个月时贫血发生率为25.2%,高于女童组(P=0.015),在其他矫正月龄比较差异未见统计学意义(P>0.05)。中高危组和低危组在矫正月龄3个月时贫血发生率比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.001),在其他月龄两组比较差异未见统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论早产儿贫血率最高发生在矫正月龄6个月,出生体质量低、胎龄小的早产儿更易发生贫血,该部分人群需引起临床特殊关注,进而改善早产儿贫血状况。

Objective To investigate the incidence of anemia in preterm infants within 12 months after birth.Methods A total of 415 premature infants born from January 2016 to August 2018 and regularly followed up in Tianjin Binhai New Area Women and Children Health Care Center were selected.Hemoglobin examination was performed at each monitoring month.According to different gestational age,preterm infants were divided into<32 weeks,32-33+6 weeks and≥34 weeks groups,in which<32 weeks and 32-33+6 weeks were called early preterm infants(EPI),and≥34 weeks were called late preterm infants(LPI).According to the different birth weight,they were divided into<1500 g group,1500~2499 g group and≥2500 g group,which were very low birth weight(VLBW),low birth weight(LBW)and normal birth weight(NBW).According to the nutrition status they were divided into low risk(LR),moderate risk(MR)and nigh risk(HR).They were divided into boys group and girls group according to their gender.The anemia status of preterm infants with different birth weight,gestational age and gender,and the anemia status of preterm infants in high risk group and low risk group were analyzed.Results The incidence of anemia in VLBW group was 20.0%at 3 months of corrected age,which was higher than that in LBW group(P=0.012).There was no significant difference between the two groups at other months of corrected age(P>0.05).The incidence of anemia in EPI group was 13.5%at 3 months of age,which was higher than that in LPI group(P=0.010).There was no significant difference between the two groups at other months of age(P>0.05).The incidence of anemia in boys group was 25.2%at 6 months of corrected age,which was higher than that in girls group(P=0.015).There was no significant difference in other corrected ages(P>0.05).There was significant difference in the incidence of anemia between the monderate and high risk group and the low risk group at 3 months of corrected age(P=0.001),but there was no significant difference between the two groups at other months(P>0.05).Conclusions The highest rate of anemia in preterm infants occurs at 6 months of corrected age.Premature infants with low birth weight and small gestational age are more prone to have anemia.This part of the population needs special attention in clinical practice,so as to improve the anemia status of preterm infants.