论案件侦办的自然过程及其社会程序

On the Normal Process of Case Investigation and Its Social Procedure

案侦司法活动有其自然过程与社会程序。自然过程,使人受刑案规律支配或被侦办大势所驱,不能不顺势而为。社会程序,则是从经验共识中产生并为业内普遍认同的人为过程。而自然过程产生的程序,与其实体有共生性。刑侦科技不是"自然程序",而是技术实体。在法律自然过程中,会产生历史和现实两种"原初程序"。连续性和跳跃性,是过程与其程序的区别特征。社会程序,是对操作过程的经验性反映,其提升并无止境。在法律程序的设计中,会有社会价值的选择与权衡,如公开性与保密性的平衡。案侦自然过程涉及的空白地带最多,如技术侦查就最接近自然规律,最易产生最初程序。在造法过程中规律有客观性,社会价值的选择要服从其客观性。

Judicial activities in case investigation have their normal processes and social procedures.Natural process means to make people dominated by the law of criminal cases or driven by the general trend of investigation and handling.Social procedure means an artificial process that is generated from empirical consensus and is generally recognized in the industry.The program produced by the natural process has symbiosis with its substance.Criminal investigation technology is not a"natural procedure",but a technical entity.In the natural process of law,there will be two"primitive procedures"of history and reality.Continuity and jumping are the distinguishing characteristics of a process and its program.The social procedure is an empirical reflection of the operation process,and its improvement is endless.In the design of legal procedures,there will be choices and trade-offs of social values,such as the balance between openness and confidentiality.The natural process of case investigation involves the most blind areas.For example,technical investigation is the closest to the laws of nature,and it is easy to produce initial procedures.In the process of making the law,the law has objectivity,and the choice of social value must be obeyed.