基于定组研究的电焊烟尘对工人肺功能短期影响的研究

Research on the short-term effects of welding fumes on workers'lung function:a panel study

目的初步探索电焊作业环境中电焊烟尘对工人肺功能的短期影响,为今后的研究提供基础。方法于2020年10月,采用定组研究方法,在工作当日前后对研究对象肺功能进行重复测量。以配对t检验对班前班后的肺功能进行比较,线性混合效应模型对肺功能短期变化进行分析。结果纳入36名男性电焊工人,平均年龄(30.72±5.21)岁,平均工龄(4.36±2.17)年,平均电焊烟尘浓度(1.27±0.49)mg/m^(3)。班后工人用力肺活量(FVC)、一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)和最大呼气流量(PEF)较班前明显下降(t=19.52、48.13、62.03,P<0.05)。在调整了工人的年龄、BMI和工龄后,FVC%、FEV1%随电焊烟尘浓度的变化有统计学意义(β=-1.02,95%CI:-1.54~-0.52;β=-1.56,95%CI:-1.95~-1.16;P<0.01),即作业环境电焊烟尘每升高1 mg/m^(3),与基线值相比,FVC下降1.02%,FEV1下降1.56%。结论短期接触电焊作业场所电焊烟尘可导致工人肺功能下降。

Objective To explore the short-term effects of welding fumes on workers'lung function in the welding environment preliminarily,and provide reference for future research.Methods In October 2020,the lung function of the subjects was repeatedly measured before and after the working shift with a panel study.The paired t test was used to compare the lung function before and after the shift,and the linear mixed effects model was used to analyze the short-term changes of lung function.Results 36 male welders were included,and the average age was(30.72±5.21)years,average employed year was(4.36±2.17)years.And the average concentration of welding fume was(1.27±0.49)mg/m^(3).The forced vital capacity(FVC),forced expiratory volume in the first second(FEV1)and peak expiratory flow(PEF)of welders after the shift were significantly lower than those before the shift(t=19.52,48.13,62.03,P<0.05).After adjusting the workers'age,BMI and employed years,the changes of FVC%and FEV1%with the concentration of welding fume were statistically significant(β=-1.02,95%CI:-1.54--0.52;β=-1.56,95%CI:-1.95--1.16;P<0.01).In another word,for the 1 mg/m^(3) increase of welding fume in the working environment,compared with the baseline,the FVC decreases by 1.02%,and FEV1 decreases by 1.56%.Conclusion Short-term exposure to welding fumes in workplace can reduce the lung function of welders.