老鼠簕属药用植物叶形态解剖学观察

Leaf annatomy observation on medicinal plants of Acanthus L.

目的观察比较老鼠簕属2种药用植物老鼠簕和小花老鼠簕叶片的形态解剖结构,为其鉴别和开发利用提供依据。方法采集2种老鼠簕属药用植物,利用叶表皮撕离法和石蜡切片法制片,分别在光学显微镜与扫描电镜下对其叶形态解剖特征进行观察比较。结果2种老鼠簕属植物在叶形态解剖方面具有较高的一致性,表现为叶表皮细胞均为多边形,垂周壁近平直,气孔类型均为直轴式,复表皮,维管束类型为外韧型,具有角质层、蜡质层以及腺鳞等;二者的区别从叶组织横切面特征分析,主要为栅栏组织细胞层数不同,老鼠簕为2层,小花老鼠簕为3层;叶表皮特征比较,二者气孔指数和气孔大小有差别;扫描电镜特征差异主要集中在表面蜡质和腺鳞方面。结论本研究为老鼠簕属植物的鉴别、开发和利用提供了重要参考依据。

Objective To observe and compare the anatomical structures of leaves of two medicinal plants of Acanthus L.in order to provide evidence for their identification and exploitation.Methods Two medicinal species of Acanthus L.plants were collected,and the leaf tissue characteristics of Acanthus L.plants were observed and compared under optical microscope and scanning electron microscope by leaf epidermis peeling method and paraffin ection technology.Results The anatomy of the two species of Acanthus L.plants were highly consistent,showing that the epidermal cells were polygonal,the anticlinal was nearly straight,the stomata was straight axis,the compound epidermis,and the vascular bundle were ectophloic type,with stratum corneum,waxy layers,and glandular scale.The difference between them was analyzed from the characteristics of the cross section of leaf tissue,the difference between the two groups was mainly the number of cell layers of palisade,with two layers for Acanthus ilicifolius L.and three for Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl.The stomatal index and stomatal size of leaf epidermis were different.The difference of scanning electron microscopy was mainly in the waxy surface and glandular scale.Conclusion This study provided an important reference for the identification,development and utilization of Acanthus L.plants.