不同机械有序种植方式对水稻生长特性及产量的影响

Influences of Different Mechanical and Orderly Planting Methods on Growth Characteristics and Yield of rice

机械有序穴直播、机械有序抛秧技术的研发与应用对于推进水稻种植的机械化、精量化和有序化具有重要意义。为了研究机插秧、有序机抛秧、有序机穴直播三种种植方式对水稻生长特性及产量效益的影响,以甬优4949和Y两优911为供试品种,采用裂区试验设计,对不同机械种植方式的水稻生长特性与产量形成等进行了比较研究。结果表明,两个品种的全生育期长短均表现为机插>有序机抛>有序机直播,其中有序机抛处理的全生育期比机插缩短3~4 d,但比有序机直播处理长10~11 d,全生育期的差异来源是播种至幼穗分化始期阶段的天数相差较大。有序机抛处理的产量显著高于其他机械种植方式,两个品种分别较机插秧、有序机穴直播增产7.86%~8.50%、14.06%~15.08%。增产的原因一是在不显著降低每穗粒数的前提下,单位面积有效穗数分别较机插秧、有序穴机直播增加14.70%、12.20%,差异达显著水平;二是分蘖数、干物质积累量、叶面积指数和根系生物量等生长特性指标较其他2种机械种植方式均表现出显著优势。同时机械有序抛秧栽培的生产效益比其他2种机械种植方式高。综上所述,有序机抛种植方式在水稻种植上早发性好,有效穗足,比机插秧、机穴直播更具有产量效益优势。

The research and application of mechanical ordered hole direct seeding and mechanical orderly seedling throwing technology are of great significance to promote the mechanization,precision and order of rice planting.In order to comparatively study the effects of three kinds of mechanical orderly planting methods on rice growth characteristics and yield,Yongyou 4949 and Y liangyou 911 were used as test varieties,and the growth characteristics and yield formation of three mechanically ordered planting methods were studied by using split plot design.The results showed that the whole growth period of the two varieties showed machine transplanting>orderly machine throwing>order machine direct seeding.The whole growth period of the treatment of orderly machine throwing was 3~4 d shorter than that of machine transplanting,but it was 10~11 d longer than that of sequential machine direct seeding.The source of the difference in whole growth period was that the days from sowing seeds to the initial stage of young panicle differentiation was quite different.Compared with machine transplanting and machine hole direct seeding,the yield of the two varieties increased by 7.86%~8.50%and 14.06%~15.08%,respectively.The reasons for the increase of yield were as follows:the effective panicles per unit area significantly increased by 14.70%and 12.20%,respectively,compared with machine transplanting and orderly machine direct seeding;the second reason was that the growth characteristics such as tiller number,dry matter accumulation,leaf area index and root biomass were significantly superior to the other two mechanical planting methods.At the same time,the production benefit of mechanical orderly throwing seedling cultivation was higher than the other two mechanical planting methods.To sum up,the orderly machine throwing planting mode had better early-onset and effective panicle foot in rice planting,which had more yield and benefit advantages than machine transplanting and machine hole direct seeding.