黄土高原南部覆膜玉米农药使用现状

Present Usage of Pesticides in Mulched Maize Area on the Southern Loess Plateau

对位于黄土高原南部覆膜玉米产区的长武、旬邑、彬州、淳化和永寿5个县15个农药经销商和100个农户2017~2019年的农药使用现状进行调查分析。结果表明,2019年杀虫剂、杀菌剂和除草剂的销售量分别占农药销售总量的35.8%、26.1%和38.2%。杀虫剂主要种类有13种,杀菌剂主要种类有10多种,除草剂主要种类有11种。2017~2019年,农户玉米田的农药使用次数以杀虫剂最多,平均为1.6次,平均每次用药量为591 mL/hm^(2);除草剂均使用1次,使用量2257 mL/hm^(2);杀菌剂使用最少,仅为0.3次,用药量每次为909 mL/hm^(2)。

The current situation of pesticides used in five counties in mulched maize areas in the south of the Loess Plateau from 2017 to 2019 were investigated and analyzed.The results showed that the sales of insecticides,fungicides and herbicides accounted for 35.8%,26.1%,and 38.2%of all pesticides sales by 15 major pesticides sellers and 100 farmland holders in 2019,respectively.There were mainly 13 types of insecticides,10 types of fungicides and 11 types of herbicides.In terms of pesticide used in the Farmers'maize fields from 2017 to 2019,insecticides were the most frequently employed,1.6 sprays per season,with an average dose of 591 mL/ha per spray.Herbicides were usually sprayed once per season with the highest dose of 2257 mL/ha.Fungicides were almost never used,only 0.3 sprays per season with the dose of 909 m/ha.