病毒工厂:病毒复制的关键场所

Viral factory:a critical site for virus replication

多种病毒的复制和组装过程需要在被称为“病毒工厂”的特殊结构内完成。随着研究水平的不断提高,研究者已经在一定程度上揭示了病毒工厂的形成过程及结构。病毒入侵细胞后,能够招募细胞和病毒成分从而形成病毒组装和成熟的场所,细胞膜结构和细胞骨架能够参与该结构的形成,且部分病毒形成的病毒工厂还需线粒体提供能量。除上述特征外,病毒工厂的结构及形态会随病毒复制阶段的不同而不断变化。本文将对病毒工厂的结构、细胞器的招募、病毒工厂结构的变化及大分子物质的运输进行综述。

Several viruses replicate and assemble in specific intracellular compartments,known as viral factories.Currently,with the continuous improvement of the research level,several studies have revealed the structure and formation of the viral factories to some extent.After entry,viruses can recruit cell and viral components in which they assemble and mature.Cell membranes and cytoskeleton participate in the biogenesis of viral factories,and some of them must be supplied with energy by mitochondria.Besides characteristics of viral factories mentioned above,the structure and pattern of them will continue to change as the viruses replicate.This article reviews the structure,organelle recruitment,structural transformation and movement of macromolecular complexes.