PI3K/AKT通路在动物葡萄糖代谢中的研究进展

Research progress of PI3K/AKT pathway in animal glucose metabolism

葡萄糖代谢稳态对维持动物健康水平至关重要。磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(phosphoinositide 3-kinase,PI3K)是受体酪氨酸激酶(receptor tyrosine kinase, RTK)和G蛋白偶联受体(G protein-coupled receptor, GPCR)共同调控的下游效应因子。它能够磷酸化磷脂酰肌醇(phosphatidylinositol, PI)上肌醇环的D3羟基,生成第二信使磷脂酰肌醇-3,4,5-三磷酸(PI-3,4,5-P3, PIP3)。PIP3的生成可以促使蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B,AKT/PKB)在细胞膜处募集并诱导其变构激活,活化的AKT可以通过调节下游靶标的活性来调控机体的葡萄糖代谢过程和其他生物学功能。鉴于PI3K/AKT信号通路在动物机体葡萄糖代谢以及人类2型糖尿病(type2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM)等疾病中的重要调控作用,该文就PI3K/AKT信号通路及相关重要调控因子的生物学功能与分子机制进行综述。

Glucose metabolism homeostasis is essential for animal health. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3 K) is a downstream regulator. It can phosphorylate phosphatidylinositol(PI) to produce the second messenger phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate(PI-3,4,5-P3, PIP3). The PIP3 can then promote protein kinase B(AKT/PKB) recruitment at the cell membrane and activate its functions. Activated AKT can regulate the glucose metabolism and other biological functions of the body by regulating the activity of many downstream targets. Because of the important regulatory roles of PI3 K/AKT signaling pathway in glucose metabolism in animals, we reviewed the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of PI3 K/AKT signaling pathway and its related important regulatory factors.