医学生院前急救知识和技能的掌握现状与原因研究

Research on the status and reasons of medical students′mastery of knowledge and skills of first aid before hospital

目的研究医学生院前急救知识和技能的掌握现状与主要原因,为地方高校开展急救培训提供理论依据。方法采用随机抽样方法,以自设问卷调查河北省某医科大学医学生共934名。结果学生急救知识与技能成绩为29.5(14.0,56.0)分。48.39%(425/934)的学生自我评价掌握心肺复苏术,测评后仅16.60%(155/934)的学生掌握心肺复苏术,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。学生对于心肺复苏按压位置和频率的知晓率分别为38.22%(357/934)和32.66%(305/934)。创伤急救技术中的止血、包扎、固定与搬运的知晓率分别为41.33%(386/934)、6.32%(59/934)、28.37%(265/934)与45.72%(427/934)。如果学校开展急救课程,90.36%(844/934)的学生愿意参加。不同年级、不同培训次数、有无急救员证和对急救重视程度不同的学生,其平均急救成绩比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同性别学生的平均急救成绩比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多因素研究结果显示,培训次数、年级、有无急救员证和对急救重视程度与学生的平均成绩呈正相关;培训次数对学生平均成绩影响最大(β=0.44),其次是年级(β=0.28)、有无急救员证(β=0.12)和对急救重视程度(β=0.07)。结论医学院校应重视急救工作,加强对常见病和多发病的急救知识的宣传。

Objective To study the status and main reasons of medical students′mastery of first aid knowledge and skills before hospitalization,and provide theoretical basis for local universities to carry out first aid training.Methods Using random sampling method,a total of 934 medical students from a medical university in Hebei Province were surveyed by self-developed questionnaires.Results The student′s first aid knowledge and skills score is 29.5(14.0,56.0)points.48.39%(425/934)of the students self-evaluated that they could master CPR.After the evaluation,only 16.60%(155/934)of the students mastered CPR.There was a statistically significant difference between the two(P<0.05).The awareness rates of students about the location and frequency of CPR compressions were 38.22%(357/934)and 32.66%(305/934),respectively.The awareness rates of hemostasis,bandaging,fixation and handling in trauma emergency techniques were 41.33%(386/934),6.32%(59/934),28.37%(265/934),and 45.72%(427/934),respectively.If the school launches first aid courses,90.36%(844/934)of students were willing to participate.The average first aid scores of students with different grades,different training times,first-aider certificates,and different levels of emphasis on first-aid were statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the average first aid scores of students of different genders(P>0.05).The results of a multi-factor study showed that the number of training times,grades,the availability of first-aider certificates,and the importance of first aid were positively correlated with the average grades of students.The number of training had the greatest impact on the average score of students(β=0.44),followed by grade(β=0.28),the presence or absence of first aid certificate(β=0.12)and the degree of emphasis on first aid(β=0.07).Conclusion Medical colleges and universities should pay attention to first aid work and strengthen the publicity of first aid knowledge for common and frequently-occurring diseases.