环境DNA技术在软体动物资源中的应用

Application of Environmental DNA Technology in the Study of Molluscs Resources

环境DNA(environmental DNA,eDNA)是指有机体与外界进行物质交换(摄食、排泄等)时脱落的DNA片段。eDNA技术是指从环境样品(土壤、沉积物、水体等)中直接提取DNA片段后,利用测序技术对生物进行定性或定量分析。与传统方法相比,eDNA技术具有效率高、分辨率高、采样无损伤性等优点。环境DNA技术自问世以来,受到了广泛的应用,主要应用于水生生物的生物监测、保护生物学(单(多)种检测、丰度估计)、入侵生物学(早期物种检测、被动监视)和环境监测等。综述了环境DNA技术在软体动物研究中的取样方法、研究进展、优势、局限,以及该方法在软体动物入侵物种防治、濒危物种保护、物种多样性评价和生物量检测中的研究现状,同时对环境DNA在软体动物资源中的应用前景进行了展望,以期为软体动物资源多样性的研究和保护提供新的技术和手段。

Environmental DNA(eDNA)refers to DNA fragments that organisms shed in their surrounding environment when in exchange for material(ingestion,excretion,etc.)with otuside,eDNA technology refers to the direct extraction of DNA fragments from environmental samples(soil,sediment and water,etc.),and the use of sequencing technology for qualitative or quantitative analysis of organisms.Compared with traditional methods,eDNA technology is more high efficiency,high resolution and no damage in sampling.eDNA technology has been widely used since it came into being.Mainly used for biomonitoring,conservation biology(single and multi-species detection,abundance estimates),invasion biology(early species detection,passive surveillance)and environmental assessment.This article reviewed the sampling method,research progress,advantages and limitations of eDNA technology in the research of mollusks,and the research status of this method in the prevention and control of mollusks invasion,the protection of endangered species,the evaluation of biodiversity and biomass.At the same time,the application prospect of eDNA in mollusks resources was prospected,it can provide new technique and methods for the research and protection of mollusks’biodiversity.