淹水时期与天数对油菜生长性状和产量的影响

Effects of Flooding Period and Days on the Growth Traits and Yield of Rapeseed

分别于2014、2015和2020年采用有底测坑试验模拟大田条件下不同生育期各淹水天数的涝渍环境,分析不同生育期淹水天数对油菜生长发育及产量性状的影响。结果表明,在油菜现蕾抽薹期,淹水天数的增加极显著影响株高生长;苗期淹水对前期株高影响较大,但经过后期补偿,差距逐步缩小;开花期淹水前期对株高有影响,但经过补偿影响已不大;开花期后因株高已基本定型,淹水对株高已无影响。开花期淹水天数对叶面积指数(LAI)的影响最大,其次是现蕾抽薹期,且随着淹水天数的增加,LAI逐渐降低。开花期淹水超过2 d、现蕾抽薹期和成熟期淹水超过4 d、苗期淹水超过6 d均会造成油菜显著减产,因此除油菜苗期外,其余生育期均为油菜防淹涝的关键时期,生产上应采取措施排水降渍。该研究可为油菜农田排水方案的合理制定、洪涝灾害损失的评估以及抗灾减灾能力的提高提供参考。

To detect the effects of flooding period and duration on the growth traits and yield of rapeseed,research,flooded days of rapeseed were set in different growth period in the years of 2014,2014 and 2020 under simulated field conditions.Results showed that the increase of flooding days extremely significantly affected the plant growth at budding and bolting stage.Flooding at seedling stage showed relatively great impacts on plant height,and then reduced due to late compensation.At flowering stage,early flooding had certain impacts on plant height,but then showed no impact after late compensation.After flowering,flooding showed almost no impacts on plant height since the plant height had been basically set.At flowering stage,flooding days showed the most great impacts on LAI,followed with budding and bolting stage.And with the increase of flooding days,LAI gradually reduced.Flooding for more than 2 d at flowering stage,for more than 4 d at mature stage and budding and bolting stage,for more than 6 d at seedling stage could all reduced the yield significantly.Therefore,except seedling stage,other growth stages were all the key stages for rapeseed to prevent waterlogging,and corresponding measures should be adopted.This research provided references for the reasonable formulation of drainage scheme in rapeseed field,the assessment of flood damage and the ability enhancement to resist and mitigate disasters.