乡村振兴视域下的“输血”与“造血”——乡村教育与人才振兴路径研究

Blood Transfusion and Blood-Making from the Perspective of Rural Revitalization——Research on the Path of Rural Education and Talent Revitalization

《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和2035年远景目标纲要》(简称“十四五”规划,下同)提出到2035年要把我国建成教育强国、人才强国的远景目标。在全面推进乡村振兴战略的进程中,乡村教育和人才振兴在乡村全面发展中占据重要地位。教育和人才具有辩证统一的关系,教育是个人成长、成才的基础,人才是乡村振兴和教育事业的新鲜血液和催化剂。当前乡村教育和人才振兴面临挑战,主要体现在农本意识弱化和个人主义思想对乡村发展的制约,农村义务教育阶段学校布局过于集中、教育资源分布不平衡、留守儿童家庭教育矛盾突出,成人教育财政支持欠缺、教育客体老龄化严重,本土人才流失严重、外来人才引进困难。基于此,加强党对乡村教育事业、人才政策的领导和支持,发挥社会主义核心价值观在乡村振兴中的主导作用,以乡村教育振兴带动人才振兴,以社会合力带动乡村教育发展、人才互通,从而发挥乡村教育对乡村发展的“造血”功能、人才振兴对乡村发展的“输血”功能。

The Fourteenth Five-Year Plan puts forward the long-term goal of building China into a powerful country in education and talents by 2035.In the process of comprehensively promoting the rural revitalization strategy,rural education and talent revitalization play an important role in the overall development of rural areas.Education and talent are a pair of dialectical unity.Education is the basis of personal growth and talent is the fresh blood and catalyst of rural revitalization and education.At present,rural education and talent revitalization are faced with challenges,which are mainly reflected in the weakening of agricultural consciousness and the restrictions of individualism on rural development,over-concentrated school distribution with imbalanced education resources in the stage of rural compulsory education,the prominent problems concerning left-behind children’s family education,the lack of financial support for adult education,the serious aging of education objects,the serious loss of local talents and the difficulties in introducing foreign talents.As such,it is necessary to strengthen the party’s leadership and support for rural education and talent policy,give full play to the leading role of socialist core values in rural revitalization,promote talent revitalization with rural education revitalization,and facilitate rural education development and talent exchange through social joint efforts,so as to give full play to the“blood-making”function of rural education for rural development and the“blood transfusion”function of talents revitalization for rural development.