公元前一千纪新疆巴里坤地区的农业生产:农田杂草视角

Agricultural Production in Barkol,Xinjiang in the First Millennium BC:from the Perspective of Farmland Weeds

农作物在生长期间伴生杂草种群是农业生产中常见的现象,而古代遗存中也经常在农作物之外发现杂草类植物遗存。许多学者尝试建立农田杂草和农作物数量的比例关系模型来复原古代农作物的种植和处理过程。新疆巴里坤草原分布着大量公元前一千纪的聚落遗址。西北大学与新疆文物考古研究所、哈密市文物局、巴里坤县文物局合作,在这些遗址上持续开展了十余年的考古调查、发掘与研究工作。本研究通过对遗址中房址堆积内植物遗存的系统浮选、观察与分类,分析农作物、大杂草与小杂草数量比值与变化,进而探讨公元前一千纪巴里坤草原古代居民农作物种植和处理方式、生业方式的演变与环境变迁之间可能存在的联系。

The associated weed population is a common phenomenon in agricultural production during the growth of crops,and the remains of weeds are often found apart from the crops in ancient remains. Many scholars try to establish the proportional relationship model between weed and crop quantity to reconstruct the planting and processing process of ancient crops. A large number of settlement sites dating from 1000 BC are distributed in Barkol Grassland of Xinjiang. Northwest University,in cooperation with Xinjiang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,Hami Bureau of Cultural Heritage and Barkol County Bureau of Cultural Heritage,has carried out archaeological investigations,excavations and research on these sites for more than a decade. This study analyzes the ratio and change of the number of crops,large weeds and small weeds by systematically flotation,observation and classification of the archaeobotanical samples collected from settlement structures,and then discusses the possible relationship between the changes of crop planting and treatment,the evolution of living mode of ancient residents of Barkol grassland and environmental changes in the millennium BC.