赫费与罗尔斯的政治哲学思想探析

Hoffe’s and Rawls’Political Philosophy Thoughts

德国现代哲学家赫费的《政治正义性》和罗尔斯的《正义论》堪称是研究政治正义问题的双子星座。罗尔斯的公平原则契约是一种程序正义,赫费的利益契约体现了一种实质正义;赫费将现代的正义设计理解为建构一种法和国家理论,他倡导强制权力,重叠共识理念则构成了罗尔斯正义论的核心部分;罗尔斯的人民社会理念是一个"现实的乌托邦",赫费倡导的辅助性及联邦制的世界共和国是一个具有建构性的全球治理实体。这两位哲人的政治哲学均受康德的启示,但在现当代语境中,他们对康德思想作了不同的阐发。

The modern German philosopher Hoffe’s“Political Justice”and Rawls’“Justice”can be called Gemini constellations in studying political justice.Rawls’fair contract is a kind of procedural justice and Hoffe’s interest contract reflects a kind of substantial justice.Hoffe understands the modern justice design as constructing a law and state theory and advocates coercive power,while the concept of overlapping consensus forms the core part of Rawls’theory of justice.Rawls’concept of people’s society is a“real utopian state”.The auxiliary and federal world republic advocated by Hoffe is a constructive global governance entity.The political philosophy of these two philosophers are inspired by Kant,but in the modern context,they have made different interpretations of Kant’s thought.