战争环境下的人与野生动物——华北根据地除害兽运动研究

People and Wild Animals in War Environment: Research on the Movement of Killing Harmful Animals in North China Revolutionary Bases

1937—1949年间,在频繁的自然灾害和连年战争环境作用下,华北各根据地面临严重的生态危机,其表现之一即为野生动物频繁异常活动,出入农耕区危害人畜和庄稼,被民众视为一种天灾。在党和政府领导下,华北各根据地纷纷开展了多种形式的除害兽运动。该运动在当时被认为不仅保护了人畜安全、减少了农业损失,还增加了农民收入,间接支持了战争,从而被持续性地执行下去,成为大规模的集体化行为。在严峻的战争环境和生态危机双重压力作用下,人们注重对野生动物的利用和危害应对,而无法产生保护思想。华北根据地时期人对野生动物的这种生态观也延续至新中国成立之后。

The north China revolutionary bases were facing severe ecological crisis under the influence of frequent natural disasters and years of war in 1937-1949.One of its manifestations was the frequent abnormal activities of wild animals which entering the farming area to endanger people, livestock, and crops, and this was regarded as a natural disaster by the people. Various forms of killing animal campaigns have been carried out in the north China revolutionary bases under the leadership of the CPC and the government. At that time, this movement was considered not only to protect human and animal safety, reduce agricultural losses, but also to increase farmers’ income,indirectly supported the war. Thus, it was carried out continuously and becomes a large-scale collective action. People paid attention to the utilization and deal with the harmful animals but can’t produce the idea of protection under the pressure of severe war environment and ecological crisis at that time. People’s ecological view of wild animals also continued after the founding of new China during the period of the north China revolutionary bases.