自闭症者心理理论缺陷原因探析:信息加工异常

A Causal Analysis of the Impaired Theory of Mind in Autism:Abnormal Information Processing

心理理论是指推测他人心理状态的能力,对个体的语言、情绪、社交能力等都至关重要。然而,自闭症者的心理理论是有缺陷的,并会进一步导致其社交障碍。为找出自闭症者心理理论缺陷的直接原因,梳理以往研究发现自闭症者心理理论缺陷主要归因于自上而下加工异常,及其自上而下加工对自下而上的影响不足、而自下而上加工对自上而下影响过强,在自下而上向自上而下加工的转换上存在困难。这就为自闭症者心理理论的训练和治疗提供了思路。

Theory of Mind(TOM)refers to the ability to infer the psychological state of others,which is crucial to an individual’s language,emotion,social ability and so on.However,TOM of people with autism is defective,leading to their social disorder.The aim of this study is to find out the direct cause of the defects of TOM of people with autism.It is found that the defects of TOM of people with autism are mainly attributed to the abnormal top-down processing,insufficient influence of top-down processing on bottom-up processing,and overly strong influence of bottom-up processing on top-down processing,making it difficult for people with autism to transform from bottom-up to top-down processing.The study provides ideas for the training and treatment of TOM of people with autism.