构式视角下英汉浮现词缀的形成与变异探究

A constructional approach to the rise and variation of emerging affixes in English and Chinese

英汉语言中存在许多由自由词或语音串经反复使用演变而来、具有定位性、能产性和黏着意义的不成词词素,本文将其命名为"浮现词缀",并借助构式视角考察其形成与变异。本文观点主要有三:1)从历时视角看,浮现词缀的形成是构式化过程:一是从旧到新的构式化,即原先的自由词转变为复合词成分或缩合词成分再变为浮现词缀;二是从无到有的构式化,即原本无意义的语音串逐渐获得浮现词缀地位;2)从共时的构式形态学视角来看,浮现词缀构成的复杂词可视为词层面的构式,同时可对介于复合、缩合和派生成分之间的语言形式进行统一解释;3)构式语法理论以简驭繁,能解释英语和汉语浮现词缀现象,且能解释其形成及变异,适用性较强。

This paper adopts a constructional approach to investigate the rise and variation of English and Chinese emerging af-fixes,those new morphemes derived from free words or phonetic strings through recurrent use,appearing in a fixed position with high productivity and bound meaning.It is argued that 1)diachronically speaking,the rise of emerging affixes is a process of constructionalization.The first type of constructionalization is a change to a new construction from an old one,that is,emerging affixes originate from lexemes which are used as the first or the second constituent of compounds or blends,and the second type is the formation of a construction from scratch,that is,meaningless phonetic strings gradually gain the status of an emerging affix;2)synchronically speaking,words with emerging affixes can be regarded as constructions at word level from the perspective of Constructional Morphology,which can offer a united interpretation of those ambiguous cases that cross the borderline between compounding,blending and derivation;and 3)Construction Grammar can provide an overall explana-tion of the rise and the variations of emerging affixes in English and Chinese,and thus it possesses strong applicability.