面向国家创新体系的专利保护强度影响因素研究

Research oninfluencing factors of patent protection strength from perspective of national innovation system

国家创新体系下,专利制度连接科学研究、技术开发与技术扩散各子系统,适度合理的专利保护强度是实现创新系统之价值创造功能的重要保障。运用综合评价法,测度52个国家2006-2017年的实际专利保护强度,从而探究经济发展、跨国技术扩散与基础科研能力对专利保护强度的影响,研究表明:总体上看,经济发展、跨国技术扩散和基础科研能力均与专利保护强度呈正相关关系。分组模型结果显示,中低收入国家受国际贸易地位及国内市场压力影响,往往会适用偏高的专利保护强度;国家综合实力提升会推动中高收入国家从专利制度的被动适应过渡到主动运用的新阶段;不仅如此,当国家经济发展水平足够高时,专利制度的首要作用将从直接增加社会总福利转向保护和激励创新,进而推动经济发展。

Under the national innovation system,appropriate patent protection strength is the institutional guarantee for value creation function of innovation system.This paper constructs patent system index by using comprehensive evaluation method to measure patent protection strength of 52 countries from 2006 to 2017.Based on the measured index,models are established to explore the impact of economic development,the level of transnational technology diffusion and basic scientific research capabilities on the patent protection strength.The result shows that:National income level,transnational technology diffusion and basic scientific research capacity are positively correlated with the strength of patent protection;Low-and lower-middle-income countries are affected by international trade status and domestic market pressure,which may lead to inappropriate patent protection strength;Upper-middle-income countries enable to explore the strength of patent protection which is suitable for their economic development;In high-income countries,the primary role of national patent system will be converted to protecting and stimulating innovation,rather than increasing the total social welfare directly.