标准创新生态系统治理与知识产权战略演化

The evolution of innovation ecosystem governance and the intellectual property strategies in standardization

数字经济创新主体要获取价值,需更好地理解平台和创新生态系统动态。创新生态系统治理与知识产权战略运用,有助于提升技术标准化效率。基于历史文献的移动通信标准跨代多案例研究,揭示知识产权战略管理与标准创新生态系统治理机制的互动演化,探讨开放式创新环境下独占机制、知识产权制度与企业从创新中获利的交互作用。研究发现:其一,移动通信标准创新生态系统治理机制呈现出四大演化趋势,知识产权成为标准创新生态治理的重要手段;其二,伴随标准代际更替及创新生态系统治理的演进,移动通信产业知识产权管理经历了"反专利—亲专利—亲许可—亲诉讼"的战略演化路径;其三,开放式创新环境下独占机制、互补与替代性资产、知识产权战略之间彼此相互作用。互补与替代性资产差异下企业存在独占策略与路径选择差异。

The value-capture for innovators in the digital economy requires better understanding the dynamics of innovation platform and ecosystem.The innovation ecosystem governance and the intellectual property strategies implementation are significantly improving the standardization efficiency.Based on a historical literatures investigation into a cross-generational multiple cases of the global mobile communications industry,this study,on one hand,systematically examines the co-evolution of innovation ecosystem governance and the relevant strategic intellectual property management;on the other hand,in-depth discusses the interplay between the appropriation mechanism,intellectual property regime,and profiting from innovation in the context of open innovation.The findings are concluded as follows:first,with the generation changed of the dominant mobile communications technological standards,the governance mechnism of innovation ecosystem in the standardization has showed four evolutionary trends,and intellectual property rights have become an important measure for standard innovation ecosystem governance in the mobile communications industry;secondly,the management of intellectual property rights has experienced a strategic evolution path from anti-patent,pro-patent,pro-licensing,to pro-litigation sequentially;thirdly,in an open innovation environment,the appropriation mechanism,complementary and substitutional accets,and the intellectual property strategy interacts with each other.Enterprises with different complementary or substitutional accet advantages have different stratigic appropriation and path choice.