林木重大钻蛀性害虫桉蝙蛾分布与危害

Distribution and damage of major wood borer pest, Endoclita signifer Walker

通过林地调查和文献检索,明确了桉蝙蛾Endoclita signifer是我国本土多食性害虫和重大的林木钻蛀性害虫。该虫分布范围极广,横跨东亚的日本、朝鲜及我国的华中、华南、西南和南亚的印度、泰国、缅甸;广西壮族自治区14个市94个县区(占县区84.68%)和全部13个自治区直属国有林场均有分布;桉蝙蛾危害的林木种类极多,仅广西危害的木本植物就达30科42属54种,涵盖针叶林、阔叶林,乔木、灌木和藤本,包括杉木、桉树、相思等大宗用材林和国家木材战略储备树种,以及4种国家级珍贵保护树种、9种乡土珍贵树种、8种园林绿化树种、1种重要木本粮油树种和18种特色(药用)经济林木(作物)。桉蝙蛾危害造成的经济损失和生态影响较大,应加强害虫监测并采取以包括树种选择、种植规模、栽培模式、景观配置等营林技术为基础,生物防治为主导的综合治理措施防范该虫危害。

Endoclita signifier Walker has been proved to be a native polyphagous pest and a major wood borer pest in China after field survey and literature search.E.signifier is widely distributed in Japan,North Korea,Thailand,Myanmar,India,and in central,south,and southwest China.The infestation area of E.signifier in Guangxi autonomous regions include all 14 districts,94 counties(account for 84.68%of all counties)and all 13 state-owned forest farms.There are many kinds of forest trees damaged by E.signifier.Investigation in Guangxi indicated that the host plants harmed include 30 families,42 genera and 54 species,from coniferous forest,broad-leaved forest to arbor,shrub and vine,including Chinese Fir,eucalyptus,acacia and other major timber forests and national timber strategic reserve species,as well as four species of national-level rare and protected tree,nine species of indigenous rare and valuable tree,eight species of landscaping tree,one species of important woody food oil tree,and 18 species of special(medicinal)economic forest(crops).E.signifier has caused great economic losses and ecological effects,IPM such as pest monitoring,biological control,forestation including tree species selection,plantation scale,cultivation mode and landscape configuration should be taken to prevent its infestation.