早熟砂梨新品种沪晶梨18号的选育

A new early-ripening pear cultivar Hujingli 18

沪晶梨18号是由八幸×早生新水杂交选育出的早熟砂梨新品种。果实扁圆形,平均单果质量250 g;外观美,果皮褐色,套袋后黄褐色,果心小,果肉脆、甜,肉质中细,汁液多,石细胞少,可溶性固形物含量(w)为12%,品质上。在上海地区盛花期为3月底—4月初,成熟期为7月上中旬,果实发育期100 d左右。幼龄树生长健壮,成年树生长势中庸;短果枝连续结果能力较差,宜采用腋花芽结果。

Hujingli 18,a new early-ripening cultivar with high quality,was selected from the cross of Hakko×Zaosheng xinshui in 2010.The cultivar,which was tested regional adaptability at three sites including Jinshan,Fengxian and Qingpu district in Shanghai from 2011 to 2016,was finally selected and named as Hujingli 18 in 2017.Being vigorous at young stage and moderate while grown to adult stage is its nature.Hujingli 18 short fruiting buds are not easy to be formed.It is suitable for setting fruits with axillary buds.Annual shoots,with the average 4.31 cm internode length,are yellow brown at sunward side.There are stronger germination rate,moderate branching ability,light green young shoot and green young leaf.The petal is white,ovate and coterminous(an average of 5 petals for each flower),anthers look pink red.As well as above 58.8%flowers pollinated in nature can become fruits.The characteristics of Hujingli 18 are:1)Early-maturing.The fruit-growth-period is about 100 days,from blooming in late March early April to maturity in early-middle July in Shanghai.2)Moderate yield.The average fruit weight is 250 g.The productivity reaches to 10822 kg·hm^(-2) using wide row and dense planting pattern for 4-5 years.3)Excellent fruit quality.The fruit includes the 12%soluble solid content,17.52 mg·g^(-1) sucrose content,17.04 mg·g^(-1) glucose content,40.78 mg·g^(-1) fructose content and 2.24 mg·g^(-1) malic acid content.Moreover,the fruit core is small.The flesh crisp,juicy,less stone cells,and sweet shows higher eating quality.4)Nice appearances.The fruit shape is oblate,the fruit dot looks small.Skin color is brown in nature and yellowish-brown after bagging.In addition,it is suitable for fresh food not for storage yet.Otherwise pear ring rot is supposed to be prevented generally.In conclusion,Hujingli 18 early-maturing,moderate-yield and high-quality is a new pear cultivar and suitable for planting in the Yangtze River basin and similar climatic conditions.