3Lederman, N.G. Delineating classroom variables related to students' conception of the nature of science Dissertation Abstracts International. 1983: 45. 483A. ( University Microfilms No. 84- 10, 728)
4Flick, L. B & Lederman, N.G. Scientific inquiry and nature of science: Implications teaching, learning, and teacher education. The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers,2004
5Lederman, N. G. Students' and teachers' conceptions of the nature of science: A review of the research[J ]. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 1992:29(4) 331 -359.
6Central Association for Science and Mathematics Teachers. A consideration of the principles that should determine the courses in biology in secondary schools. School Science and Mathematics. 1907 : 7. 241. 247.
7Mead, M. , & Metraux, R. Image of the scientist among high school students. Science, 1957:126. 384. 390.
8Cooley, W., & Klopfer, L. The evaluation of specific educational innovations [ J ]. Journal of Rearch in Science Teaching, 1963:1(1). 73.80.