农业文化遗产:一个具有良好发展前景的交叉性学科领域

Agri-cultural Heritage:An Interdisciplinary Field with Development Prospects

尽管一般意义的农业遗产研究已经有很长时间的历史,但以活态性、系统性和动态性为主要特征的农业文化遗产的发掘、保护、利用、传承起源于联合国粮农组织2002年发起的全球重要农业文化遗产(GIAHS)保护倡议。自那以后,越来越多的科学家进入了这一新的领域,并开展了农业文化遗产的功能与价值、申报与管理、保护与发展等方面的研究,逐渐形成了一个交叉性学科领域。本文从GIAHS和中国重要农业文化遗产(China-NIAHS)的概念和特点出发,指出:(1)农业文化遗产是一类兼具自然遗产、文化遗产和非物质文化遗产特征的复合性遗产,是由经济、生物、技术、文化、景观等要素组成的一类典型的社会–经济–自然复合生态系统;(2)农业文化遗产的保护与发展,需要来自经济学、生态学、地理学、历史学、管理科学、文化学、民族学、社会学等学科专家的共同努力;(3)农业文化遗产及其保护研究已经有了很好的开端,但仍有很大的发展潜力,当前研究中应当特别关注一些优先领域;(4)不久的将来,一门新的学科——农业文化遗产学(Agroheritology)将会出现。

Traditional agricultural heritage research has a very long history.Programme on"The conservation and adaptive management of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS)"initiative launched by FAO in 2002,aimed at not only preserving agricultural heritage system,but also applying the principle of dynamic conservation to promote rural development to benefit local community,to assure food security and maintaining the ecosystem.Since then,many more scientists have been enrolled in the new field focusing on the function and value,application and management,conservation and development and other aspects of these traditional agricultural systems which facilitate an emerging cross-discipline.In this paper,based on the concepts and characteristics of GIAHS and China Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(China-NIAHS),the author specifies that Agri-cultural Heritage is a compound heritage that integrates the characteristics of natural,cultural and intangible cultural heritage,and a typical social-economic-natural complex ecosystem composed of economic,biological,technological,cultural and landscape components.For their conservation and development,the joint efforts of scientists from economics,ecology,geography,history,management sciences,culturology,ethnology,sociology and other subjects are needed.Based on progresses studies and perspectives of the field,the author felt that although a good start of the research on Agri-cultural Heritage has been made,there is still much room for development which show a steady growth trend and suggested 32 priority areas in research;a new subject of Agroheritology could emerge in the near future.