基于Q方法的哈尼梯田地区农民对野生食用植物采集和消费的感知研究

Perceptions of Local People toward Wild Edible Plant Gathering and Consumption:Insights from the Q-method in Hani Terraces

野生可食用植物能提供多种供给服务和文化服务,但同时又消费不足。了解农户对野生食用植物资源采集和消费的感知,对于促进当地的社会生态系统恢复力和当地的野生植物资源利用至关重要。本文利用Q方法研究了云南省红河哈尼梯田地区农户采集和消费野生可食用植物的主要观点,识别了四种主要观点类型的农民,包括:市场驱动型、家庭使用驱动型、文化服务驱动型和遵循传统型;分析了限制和促进农户采集和消费野生食用植物的主要因子:传统知识的丧失、社会经济条件的变化对野生可食用植物的采集和消费产生了负面影响,而对于野生可食用植物相关的文化服务需求以及强文化的存在则减缓了饮食结构的变化,进而维持了野生食用植物的采集和消费。Q方法可以更好地帮助识别快速转型地区社区居民与当地野生植物资源利用之间的关系,识别影响当地社会生态系统恢复力的障碍。

Wild edible plants(WEPs)can provide a variety of provisioning services and cultural services but they are currently under-utilized.Understanding farmers’perceptions of the collection and consumption of wild edible plant resources is essential for promoting local socio-ecological system resilience and local wild plant resource use.This paper uses the Q-method to investigate the main perspectives of farmers toward collecting and consuming wild edible plants in the Honghe Hani Terraces region of Yunnan Province.This analysis identified four main perspective types among the farmers,including market-driven,household user-driven,cultural service seekers,and tradition followers.It revealed the main factors that limit and facilitate farmers’WEP collection and consumption,including limitations due to loss of traditional knowledge,and changes in socioeconomic conditions that negatively affect WEP collection and consumption;while,on the other hand,the demand for WEP-related cultural services and the presence of a strong culture slowed down changes in dietary structure,which in turn have maintained WEP collection and consumption.The Q-method can help in identifying the relationship between community residents and local wild plant resource use in rapidly transitioning areas and in identifying the barriers that affect the resilience of local socio-ecological systems.