The Evaluation of Food and Livelihood Security in a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS)Site

全球重要农业文化遗产(GIAHS)的粮食与生计安全评估——以迭部扎尕那农林牧复合系统为例

Based on the basic selection criteria of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS)and food and livelihood security research trends,this paper established an evaluation framework and indicator system for food and livelihood security in GIAHS and selected the first GIAHS site in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as a case for empirical evaluation.The results demonstrate that the food and livelihood security of farmers at this site was at a medium level,with an average evaluation value of 2.91,which still lagged behind the level of better food and livelihood security.Specifically,the average values of farmers’evaluation of food security and livelihood security were 1.43 and 1.48,respectively,which show that farmers’food security in the study area was at a medium level and that of livelihood security was relatively good.Simultaneously,the more simple a farmers’economic activities(i.e.,agriculture-oriented economic activities or non-agriculture-oriented economic activities),the worse their food and livelihood security;while the more diversified the economic activities(i.e.,engaged in part-time economic activities),the better the food and livelihood security.

本文基于全球重要农业文化遗产(GIAHS)的基本遴选标准和粮食与生计安全的研究动态,尝试性地构建了适用于GIAHS的粮食与生计安全评估框架与指标体系,并选取位于青藏高原地区的迭部扎尕那农林牧复合系统为案例进行了实证评估。就整体评估结果而言,该系统内农户的粮食与生计安全状况处于中等水平,评估值为2.91,距离较好的粮食与生计安全状况仍有差距。其中,农户的粮食安全状况处于中等水平,评估值为1.43,但核心食物产品安全普遍较差;农户的生计安全状况则相对较好,评估值为1.48,但生计资本安全状况普遍较差。同时,农户从事的经济活动越单一,其粮食与生计安全状况越差;经济活动越多元,其粮食与生计安全状况越好。然而,核心食物产品和生计资本分别是该系统的"关键要素"和农户维持生计的重要基础。因此,为保障和提升该系统内农户的粮食与生计安全,应当以重点改善农户的核心食物产品安全和生计资本安全为目标和突破口。