经济发达地区重要农业文化遗产保护的经验、问题与对策——以浙江省为例

Conservation of the Important Agricultural Heritage Systems in the Economically Developed Area:Experiences,Problems and Solutions——A Case Study of Zhejiang Province

位于长江三角洲地区的浙江省,是我国经济发达地区的代表。它的自然条件优越,农业历史悠久,是一个农、林、牧、渔各业全面发展的综合性农区,孕育了以河姆渡文化、良渚文化为代表的农耕文化,留下了众多珍贵的农业文化遗产。目前浙江共有全球重要农业文化遗产3项与中国重要农业文化遗产12项,不仅遗产数量全国最多,而且遗产保护成效显著。本文以浙江省为例,结合乡村振兴战略,总结15年来浙江省重要农业文化遗产保护在农民增收、文化传承、产业升级等方面所取得的成效以及在政府推动、社区主动、企业带动、科技驱动、社会联动等方面所积累的经验。进一步地,针对当前遗产保护存在遗产地管理不完善、社区居民参与度不高、缺少专项保护经费、省级管理体系不健全等问题,提出以下对策建议:(1)完善农业文化遗产保护与发展的管理机制;(2)开展农业文化遗产地农产品区域公共品牌建设;(3)加大农业文化遗产科普教育和文创产品开发;(4)开展省级重要农业文化遗产的发掘与认定工作;(5)对重要农业文化遗产保护与利用给予实质性扶持和投入。研究可为浙江省的重要农业文化遗产保护提供一定指导,同时为我国经济发达地区重要农业文化遗产保护提供重要借鉴。

Zhejiang Province,located in the Yangtze River Delta region,is representative of China’s economically developed areas.It enjoys superior natural conditions and a long history of agriculture,and is a comprehensive agricultural area with integrated development of agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery.It has nurtured the farming culture represented by Hemudu culture and Liangzhu culture,which have given rise to numerous precious Agricultural Heritage Systems.At present,Zhejiang Province has three of the world’s Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS)and 12 China Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(China-NIAHS),so it not only has the largest number of heritages in China,but it has also attained remarkable achievements in heritage conservation.Taking Zhejiang Province as an example in combination with the rural revitalization strategy,this paper summarizes the achievements in the protection of Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(IAHS)in Zhejiang Province during the past 15 years from the aspects of increasing farmers’income,cultural Inheritance and industrial upgrading,as well as the conservation experiences in government promotion,community initiative,enterprise participation,technology driving and social linkage.Further,in view of the problems that exist in the current heritage protection,such as imperfect management of heritage sites,low participation of community residents,lack of special protection funds,and imperfect provincial management system,the following countermeasures and suggestions are put forward:(1)Improve the management mechanism for the conservation and development of Agricultural Heritage Systems;(2)Develop regional public branding of agricultural products in Agricultural Heritage System sites;(3)Increase the Agricultural Heritage System science education as well as cultural and creative product development;(4)Carry out the evaluation and recognition of IAHS at the provincial level;and(5)Provide substantial support and input to the conservation and utilization of IAHS.This study can provide some guidance for the conservation of IAHS in Zhejiang Province and it provides important reference for IAHS in the economically developed areas in China.