重要农业文化遗产关键要素识别概念框架:以中国红河哈尼稻作梯田系统为例

Conceptual Framework for Key Element Identification in Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(IAHS):Case of Honghe Hani Rice Terraces System in China

随着全球性发展问题的不断涌现,重要农业文化遗产的动态保护与可持续发展越来越受到重视。然而,由于重要农业文化遗产具有结构复杂、组分多元、动态开放等特征,在保护实践中存在遗产构成要素不清楚、保护红线不明确的现实问题。本研究界定了重要农业文化遗产关键要素的概念,提出关键要素识别的概念框架,并以云南红河哈尼稻作梯田系统为例开展关键要素识别的实证研究,并对利益相关者的排序原因做简要归纳分析。研究表明:(1)云南红河哈尼稻作梯田系统的关键要素为粮食作物、稻米品种多样性、梯田修建技术、哈尼族传统节日、哈尼族传统饮食与原始森林;(2)经营人员与外来游客的认知偏向微观视角,地方官员偏向中观视角,科研人员则偏向宏观视角。在红河哈尼梯田的研究表明,该概念框架能够有效识别出重要农业文化遗产的关键要素,为农业文化遗产研究提供结构化与要素化的理论视角,同时,利益相关者群体对于关键要素的认知层次反映其潜在的行动策略,应注重政策措施在微观与宏观层面的协调性,以平衡不同人群的利益诉求,并激发其参与农业文化遗产保护的积极性,进而提升农业文化遗产地的管理水平。

With the continuous emergence of global development problems,the dynamic conservation and sustainable development of Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(IAHS)have been assigned greater importance.However,due to the complex structure,multi-component,dynamic,and open characteristics of IAHS,there are neglected problems which need to be solved in conservation practice,such as component element ambiguity,obscurity of the conservation redline,etc.This study defined the concept of key elements(KE)of IAHS,put forward a conceptual framework of KE identification,conducted empirical research by taking Honghe County of Honghe Hani Rice Terraces System(HHRTS)as an example and analyzed the level of recognition motivations for different stakeholder groups.The following conclusions were drawn:1)The KE of HHRTS are grain crops,rice species biodiversity,terrace construction and maintenance technique,Hani traditional festivals,Hani traditional foods,and virgin forest;2)The reasons behind the KE priorities of farmers,businessmen and tourists were at the micro level,the reasons of officers were at the middle level and the reasons of researchers were at the macro level.The empirical study conducted in HHRTS showed that the proposed conceptual framework could identify KE of IAHS effectively,and provided a theoretical perspective for the structuring of and essential need for IAHS research.Moreover,the KE recognition levels of different stakeholder groups reflected their potential action strategies.We should focus on the coherence of policies and measures in both the microscale and macroscale to balance the diversified demands of stakeholders,and to stimulate their enthusiasm for participation in the conservation in order to improve the management level of IAHS sites.